Abstract: To utilize indirect-path signals in a receiver for fixed and mobile transmitter-receiver stations of a TDMA spread-spectrum digital radio system, coherent detection is employed. At the same time, the signal imaging the multipath profile is continuously regenerated by a regeneration circuit. The regeneration circuit provides a phase-coherent signal employed for demodulating the received signal.

Abstract: In the device the base and the swivel members consist of three spaced plates disposed one above the other. That is, a baseplate (1), an intermediate plate (3) and a supporting plate (5). The baseplate (1) is connected to the intermediate plate (3) disposed above it, via a first hinge (2) provided for within the area of one longitudinal side, and this intermediate plate (3), in turn, and within the area of the longitudinal side lying opposite the first hinge (2), is connected to the supporting plate (5) disposed thereabove, via a second hinge (4). Both the intermediate plate (3) and the supporting plate (5) are jointly capable of being swivelled about the swivel axis of the first hinge (2) and the supporting plate alone is capable of being swivelled about the swivel axis of the second hinge (4). The supporting plate (5) contains the object receptacle (8) whose center line is in agreement with the axis of the object.

Abstract: The rotation rate measuring instrument, in which the phase difference caused by the Sagnac effect is evaluated, contains two optical waveguides (7, 17). From a light beam, two component beams (CW, CCW) are derived which traverse the first optical waveguide (7) in opposite directions. A passive beam splitter (16) connects the first optical waveguide with the second optical waveguide (17) and splits each of the component beams into two further component beams. Of these further component beams, one remains in the first optical waveguide, and the other enters the second optical waveguide, where it propagates in the opposite direction. Evaluation, for which the two component beams are combined after having traversed one or both optical waveguides, takes place on a time-division multiplex basis, such that either the traversal of only one optical waveguide (7) or the traversal of both optical waveguides (7, 17) is taken into account. By comparing the two measurements, additional nonreciprocal phase differences (.

Abstract: Ceramic capacitors are formed from electrodeposited ceramic dielectric layers that are provided with electrodes, stacked and fired. Contact to the electrodes is provided by each terminations and leads. As the electrodeposition process is self limiting and self heating, uniform pinhole free dielectric layers are obtained.

Abstract: A video image of a relatively simple nature is produced by scanning using a conventional TV camera (1), and the scan results are converted into a Cartesian co-ordinate form for image analysis. This involves seeking a point of interest during the scan, the number of scan steps along a scan line as indicated by a counter (11) defining the point's location along the line. The point of interest's location in the other co-ordinate is indicated by the setting of a scan line counter (6). After each detection of a point of interest its location is indicated to associated equipment and the scan is resumed. As described this is used in an eye follower of the type described in our U.S. Pat. No. 1,581,018 the image analysis being used to assess the directions in which the eye is looking. The result of this assessment is used to exercise a controlling function or a machine or other device, e.g. to enable a disabled person to control such a machine or device.

Abstract: A wash-tight electromagnetic relay having a housing including a bottom part and a cover part. The cover part includes a top side in which a spigot projecting inwardly toward the relay is formed and which defines a borehole extending through the spigot to a spigot bottom having an opening. The borehole opens outwardly from the cover part permitting a ball to be tightly pressed therein. The bottom part is sealed to the cover part by a sealing material and the relay interior is degassed to exhaust gas contaminants, filled with an inert atmosphere and sealed by the ball to prevent the entry of further gas contaminants.

Abstract: Electric switches whose fixed contacts (3) are formed by the conductors on a printed circuit board (1), which are coated with a layer of noble metal, the connections between the fixed contacts provided on a contact path (2) and electrically connected among each other, extend outside the contact paths (2) of the movable contacts. Prior to the application of the layer of noble metal the connecting lines are covered and, therefore, a considerable saving of noble metal results.

Abstract: The miniaturized mobile radio receiver has a straight dipole antenna whose wires run along the edge of the printed-circuit board(s) of the radio receiver and are connected at their outer ends to conductive areas. The conductive strips on the circuit board(s) which run parallel to the antenna constitute a resistive-capacitive shunt and are, therefore, open in the vicinity of the antenna base to block the flow of RF signals.

Abstract: In public videotex (Btx) terminals, different pages are displayed successively on the screen in the off-line mode (e.g., advertisements and user instructions). To be able to update such off-line pages at low cost, a page memory in the terminal is constructed as a random-access memory (46). A central operating facility contains an editing device in which the information and control characters required to display an off-line page are produced. These characters are transmitted to the terminal and written into the random-access memory (46). This may be effected automatically when the supply voltage is turned on.

Abstract: A vertical dipole array (2, 3 to 2.sup.(n), 3.sup.(n)) is formed on a substrate (1) using stripline techniques. The dipoles are supplied with RF energy from a feed system consisting of stripline conductors (4, 4', 5, 6, 7, 7', 9, 12). By a parasitic compensating radiator (11) provided opposite these conductors on the same side of the substrate, the influence of the conductors on the radiation pattern of the dipoles is largely compensated for.The conductors of the feed system are arranged so that a combination of a parallel feed and an equal line length series feed (or, if the radiation pattern is to be raised, a series feed with suitably chosen line lengths) is obtained.

Abstract: In order to have with an integratable solid state relay a galvanic isolation between the control and the switch similar to that of a mechanical relay the control is performed via DC/DC-converters in a classical voltage-doubler circuit configuration. The switch function is provided by a pair of complementary MOS-transistors (Tr.sub.1 and Tr.sub.2) the gate/source capacitances (C.sub.gs) of which are used as charging capacitances of the DC/DC-converters. In order to have a perfect blocking of the MOS-switches two DC/DC-converters (C.sub.1,C.sub.2,D.sub.1,D.sub.2,C.sub.gs ; C.sub.3,C.sub.2,D.sub.3,D.sub.5,C.sub.gs) are provided which are controlled by two signals in the phase opposition so that for both switching states the same noise margin capability and the same switching-over times result. The circuit arrangement includes only diodes, MOS-transistors and capacitances (C.sub.1,C.sub.2,C.sub.3) of very small value which can be integrated without any difficulties.

Abstract: An infra-red detector or sensor comprises a wafer (11) of single crystal silicon in one surface of which pyramidal pits (12) forming a two-dimensional array are etched. The pits form horn aerial elements whereby radiant energy is directed to bolometers (14) one disposed at the throat of each horn.

Abstract: A screen printing device including a work table having a printing position with a holder to retain a substrate in the printing position, a holder for a screen provided with a mask, the mask having referenced portions, a microscope, an adjuster for positioning the table, screen holder and microscope, and further includes a template with reference portions corresponding to the reference portions of the mask, the work table having at least one hole with associated illumination means to simultaneously illuminate the corresponding reference portions of the mask and of the template held in the printing position by the holder in order to be able to adjust, with the help of the adjuster, the relative position of the reference portions of the template and the reference portions of the mask when viewed through the microscope.

Abstract: In the measuring instrument, a light beam generated by a laser (1) is split into two component beams (L(CW), L(CCW)) which travel along a coiled optical waveguide (7) in opposite directions. After traversing the optical waveguide, the two component beams are superimposed on each other (5) and directed to an optical/electrical transducer (8). One of the two component beams (L(CW)) is frequency-modulated in a Bragg cell (6) before entering the optical waveguide (7), switchover being effected between two modulation frequencies (f1, f2) at a given frequency (F.sub.S). The modulation frequencies are chosen so that, after traversal of the optical waveguide (7), the phase differences (.phi..sub.B1, .phi..sub.B2) between the two component beams (if the rotation rate .OMEGA.=0) are .pi./2 and 3.pi./2 or even integral multiples thereof. In case of rotation, the phase difference (.phi..sub.S) caused by the Sagnac effect is superimposed on these phase differences.

Abstract: A coherent light image generator for signal processing such as image correlation directs laser light onto a specularly reflecting matrix addressed dyed nematic liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a transparent electroded front plate and an active single crystal silicon wafer incorporating NMOS circuitry.

Abstract: To convert an input-word sequence into a digital line code of half the bit rate of the input-word sequence, particularly for digital color television signal transmission, an encoder is disclosed which has a difference branch in which the difference (D.sub.i) between every two successive input words (X.sub.i-1, X.sub.i) is converted into a difference code word (D.sub.i) by adaptive PCM quantization, and a sum branch in which the sum (S.sub.i) of the same successive input words (X.sub.i-1, X.sub.i) is converted into a difference code word (S.sub.i +P.sub.i) in a hybrid DPCM encoder. These two words are combined into a line code word (C.sub.i) by an adder (9). The quantizing characteristic of the adaptive PCM quantizer (1) is selected as a function of the prediction error present within the hybrid DPCM encoder (2). The decoder at the receiver of the novel communication system splits up the received line code word (C.sub.i) into the difference code word (D.sub.i) and the sum code word (S.sub.i +P.sub.

Abstract: A time division multiplex system which has a total bandwidth of 64Kbit/s and has this bandwidth split up into 80 channels each of 800 bits/sec. Three speech channels are provided, each using 20 of these channels, 12 channels are used to provide a 9.6Kbit/s data channel, 4 are used to provide for 50-110 baud start-stop channels and another 4 are used to provide a 3.2Kbit/s signalling channel.To provide fast sync, a sync pattern consisting of two sync words and a channel number is sent at the same time on all of the channels, and the receiving side monitors for the 19th channel. When it finds what is coming in at the time, it first achieves bytes alignment between the received byte stream and the local byte stream, then it checks the respective channel numbers. The difference between them gives an offset which is used to adjust the demultiplexing logic.

Abstract: In the rotation rate measuring instrument, a light beam produced by a laser (1) is divided in a beam splitter (4) into two component beams (I.sub.CW, I.sub.CCW) which travel in opposite directions around an optical waveguard (9) forming a closed light path. A Bragg cell (6, 7) is inserted between the beam splitter and each end of the optical waveguide. One of the Bragg cells (6) is driven with a signal (f.sub.VCO) whose frequency is varied in accordance with the rotation rate. For the other Bragg cell, a switch (33) switches periodically between two drive signals (f.sub.MH, f.sub.ML), so that the component beam is frequency-modulated (f.sub.S). A regulating facility (12, 13, 54, 55, 56) is provided which compensates for intensity differences between the two component beams. In further embodiments, it is possible to compensate for those intensity variations of the component beam (I.sub.CW) which are caused by driving the Bragg cell (5) at different frequencies (f.sub.MH, f.sub.ML).

Abstract: The fin-line oscillator includes a packaged diode as an active element and an impedance-matching network for matching the diode to a load and determining the frequency.In a first embodiment, the diode package (5) is mounted in a cutoff waveguide (4) connected with the waveguide (1) containing the fin line. The fins (2) of the fin line extend a given distance into the cutoff waveguide.In further embodiments, the diode package is mounted in or on the substrate on which the fins of the fin line are deposited.

Abstract: A resonator device comprises an elastic beam driven electrostatically at its natural frequency, or an harmonic thereof, by voltage pulses applied to an integral paddle member. The voltage pulses are derived from optical pulses fed via an optical fibre and reflected from the paddle member to a photodiode array. There is thus minimal coupling between the beam and the drive system. A positive feedback loop is provided in which light retroreflected from the paddle member is recaptured by the optical fibre and electronically detected, amplified and fed back in phase with the beam oscillations by modulating the optical pulses.