Abstract: A data processing method performed by a security protocol device is provided. The data processing method includes assigning each of a plurality of leaf nodes of a binary tree stored in a database device an identification number; and performing a first procedure in a case that the security protocol device receives first record data and first identification data of the first record data from a terminal apparatus, the first procedure including: determining a first identification number from the first identification data; storing a hash value of the first record data into a first leaf node of the binary tree identified by the first identification number; generating at least one slice of the binary tree; uploading a root hash value of the binary tree to a blockchain device; and transmitting a first slice to the terminal apparatus, the first slice including the first leaf node. A security protocol device using the same is also provided.

Abstract: A verification system and method for cooperating with a blockchain and off-chain devices is provided. The system includes a security protocol device, a blockchain device, and a database device. The security protocol device receives and integrates the record data into a binary tree according to a hash function. Hash values of the record data are stored in the leaf nodes. The blockchain device is at the blockchain and communicates with the security protocol device. The security protocol device transmits the root hash to the blockchain device. The database device communicates with the security protocol device in an off-chain manner. The security protocol device stores the binary tree to the database device. The security protocol device compares the root hash from the blockchain device with the root hash of the binary tree stored in the database device to verify the correctness of the binary tree stored in the database device.

Abstract: A verification system and method for chaining data are provided. The system includes a security protocol device, a blockchain device, and a database device. The security protocol device receives record data and integrates the record data into binary trees. Each binary tree includes a root and leaf nodes. The security protocol device transmits root hashes of the roots to the blockchain device at a blockchain. The blockchain device includes a chain data string including data sets chained in a series manner. Each data set includes a root hash and a corresponding chain hash. The chain hash of each data set is related to the root hash and the chain hash of the previous data set. The chain hash of the first data set is related to an initial chain hash. The security protocol device stores the binary trees and the initial chain hash to an off-chain database device.