Abstract: The present invention relates to a variant form of the receptor for the obese gene product. In particular, the invention relates to methods of detecting this receptor variant in cells and tissues of obese individuals. In addition, it relates to methods of inhibiting or down-regulating expression of this variant in cells to augment their responsiveness to weight regulation by leptin as well as methods of using compounds to directly activate signal transduction pathways associated with this ligand-receptor system.

Abstract: A hyperhydrated form of citicoline and its formulations, which exhibits desirable characteristics, including crystal formation, moisture resistance, improved storage stability, and formulation versatility, is disclosed. Methods of preparing the citicoline hyperhydrate and its use in the manufacture of stable pharmaceutical dosage forms are also described.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method of reducing the extent of infarction, particularly cerebral infarction subsequent to cerebral ischemia, by the administration of citicoline shortly after an ischemic episode and continuing daily treatment for up to about 30 days, preferably for at least about 6 weeks. The method is useful in the treatment of stroke and severe head trauma patients and maximizes the chances for a full or substantially full recovery of the patient.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method of reducing the extent of infarction, particularly cerebral infarction subsequent to cerebral ischemia, by the administration of citicoline shortly after an ischemic episode and continuing daily treatment for up to about 30 days, preferably for at least about 6 weeks. The method is useful in the treatment of stroke and severe head trauma patients and maximizes the chances for a full or substantially full recovery of the patient. Combination treatment regimens are also disclosed along with compositions for use therewith.

Abstract: Methods and pharmaceutical compositions for reducing the extent of infarction, particularly cerebral infarction subsequent to cerebral ischemia.

Abstract: This invention provides for a method of raising extracellular brain acetylcholine levels to improve cognition by the administration to a warm-blooded animal of a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a dopamine D.sub.1 agonist.

Abstract: Methods of reducing post-prandial fluctuations in plasma levels of large, neutral amino acids (LNAA), as well as compositions useful in that method. The compositions comprise a carbohydrate to protein ratio of from about 3:1 to about 10:1 and, in a specific embodiment, a ratio of 7:1, which results in minimizing the variability in responses which individuals exhibit to drugs which are LNAA.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel substituted tryptamine and phenalkylamine and related compounds, pharmaceutical compositions thereof and methods of using said compounds.

Abstract: Methods of reducing post-prandial fluctuations in plasma levels of large, neutral amino acids (LNAA), as well as compositions useful in that method. The foods and compositions comprise a carbohydrate to protein ratio of from about 3:1 to about 8:1 and, in a specific embodiment, a ratio of 7:1, which results in minimizing the variability in responses individuals exhibit to drugs which are LNAA.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel substituted tryptamine and phenalkylamine and related compounds, pharmaceutical compositions thereof and methods of using said compounds and compositions for a number of pharmaceutical indications including (but not limited to): 1. central nervous system and psychiatric disorders (e.g., sleep disorders, epilepsy and other convulsive disorders, anxiety, psychiatric diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, fever); 2. chronobiological-based disorders (e.g., jet lag, delayed sleep syndrome, shift-work, seasonal affective disorder); 3. endocrine indications (e.g., contraception and infertility, precocious puberty, premenstrual syndrome, hyperprolactinemia, growth hormone deficiency); 4. cancer and other proliferative diseases; 5. immune system disorders and conditions associated with senescence; 6. ophthalmological diseases; 7. animal breeding (e.g., regulation of fertility, puberty, pelage color).

Abstract: Compositions that are effective as salt substitutes and enhancers comprise novel mixtures of sodium chloride and derivatives of amiloride, indanyloxyacetic acid, or anthranilic acid. The present invention provides for a method of enhancing the saltiness of edible materials by the addition of the above-mentioned derivatives. The present invention further provides for a method of imparting saltiness to, or enhancing saltiness of, edible materials by the administration or use of the above-mentioned derivatives in lieu of the higher levels of sodium chloride that would be required if sodium chloride were being used alone.

Abstract: Methods of reducing post-prandial fluctuations in plasma levels of large, neutral amino acids (LNAA), as well as compositions useful in that method. The foods and compositions comprise a carbohydrate to protein ratio of from about 3:1 to about 6:1 and, in a specific embodiment, a ratio of 4:1, which results in minimizing the variability in responses individuals exhibit to drugs which are LNAA.

Abstract: Novel compositions comprising mixtures of sodium chloride and choline-containing compounds which are effective as salt substitutes or enhancers are disclosed along with a method for imparting saltiness to, or enhancing the saltiness of, edible materials by the addition of these novel compositions. A method for enhancing the saltiness of edible materials by the addition of choline-containing compounds is also disclosed. Further, a process of producing the novel compositions in the form of free-flowing granules of good shelf-life and acceptable saltiness is disclosed.

Abstract: A composition for enhancing performance, e.g., improving subjective vigor, decreasing fatigue, diminishing subjective confusion, and decreasing tension and anxiety. The composition comprises an indirect-acting sympathomimetic drug and tyrosine or a tyrosine precursor. The drug may be phenylpropanolamine, amphetamine, or ephedrine. The tyrosine enhances the known performance-enhancing activity of the drug.

Abstract: A composition for decreasing appetite comprising an indirect-acting sympathomimetic drug and tyrosine or a tyrosine precursor. The drug may be phenylpropanolamine, amphetamine, or ephedrine. The tyrosine enhances the known appetite-suppressing activity of the drug.