Abstract: Organic nitrogen compounds are formed in the vapor phase by organic radical formation by reaction of an organic compound, suitably an alkane, with hydroxyl radicals derived from the reaction between hydrogen peroxide and nitrogen dioxide and the nitration of the organic radicals, suitably with nitrogen dioxide. The process is conducted using a molecular oxygen additive which directs the reaction towards the formation of the nitrate corresponding to the organic compound which may predominate in the organic reaction products.

Abstract: Various metals including cobalt nickel and copper can be recovered from a roasted ground ore or waste and particularly from tailings of a pyritic gold ore by leaching with sulphuric acid, oxidizing the separated leach liquor, filtering and partially neutralizing the liquor. In an improved process, the oxidation is effected with peroxomonosulphuric acid and the neutralization with a 60:40 to 40:60 mixture of calcium and sodium hydroxide/oxide. By so doing, it is possible to minimize the number of process stages by elimination of either or both solid/liquid separations and to combine the leach and oxidation stage, or to improve the separation of metals from impurities.

Abstract: When aqueous solutions of a metal cyanide complex are detoxified with hydrogen peroxide, a residue of cyanide remains, which in the case of nickel for example may be present as Ni(CN).sub.2. In a process according to the present invention the detoxification of aqueous alkaline solutions of a metal cyanide complex is carried out using a restricted amount of certain complexing agents together with the hydrogen peroxide. A particularly suitable example of such complexing agents is ethylenediaminotetraacetic acid. It is especially preferred to use the complexing agent in a mole ratio to metal of from 0.8:1 to 1.5:1, together with hydrogen peroxide in a mole ratio to cyanide of from 2:1 to 3:1. The process is well suited to the treatment of concentrated solutions of cyanide, in many cases at least 4000 ppm, for example those resulting from the stripping of nickel plating.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the provision in solid form of the magnesium salt of certain aromatic, cycloaliphatic or conjugated aliphatic compounds containing a peroxycarboxylic acid group and a carboxylate group, and optionally also an alkyl, carboxylate, sulphonate, nitro, chloro or bromo group, which can be employed as bleaching agents. One especially referred example is magnesium monoperoxyphthalate having the formula: ##STR1## The invention also provides processes for the preparation of the salts, by reaction between a magnesium compound and the organic peroxyacid/carboxylate compound in a solvent from which the salt precipitates, the latter preferably being obtained by reaction between hydrogen peroxide and the corresponding anhydride under controlled reaction conditions of temperature and reagent ratios.

Abstract: Alkali metal or alkaline earth metal peroxides, for example, particularly, calcium peroxide, are produced by recovering a moist peroxide product from an aqueous mixture, formed by reacting hydrogen peroxide and a hydroxide or oxide of the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, and drying the moist product by means of a pneumatic conveyer drier. The peroxide so produced is suitable for granulation. Alternatively, particulate substances, such as seed, are coated with the peroxide by blending with the moist peroxide product and passing the blend through the pneumatic conveyer drier.

Abstract: Tertiary nitrogen-containing chain-extended epoxy resins, capable of forming stable aqueous emulsions, may be produced by chain-extending an epoxy resin using a tertiary nitrogen containing ether or ester polyol for example, particularly, polycaprolactone which has been polymerization initiated by a tertiary amine polyol such as N-methyl diethanolamine. The corresponding amine salt is formed by treatment with an acid for example acetic acid and the resulting cationic polymer may be dispersed in water to form a cationic emulsion capable of being coated onto a substrate by electrodeposition. The chain extended resins, by virtue by their content of free epoxy groups are also usable for cross-linking and other uses.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the provision in solid form of the magnesium salt of certain aromatic, cycloaliphatic or conjugated aliphatic compounds containing a peroxycarboxylic acid group and a carboxylate group, and optionally also an alkyl, carboxylate, sulphonate, nitro, chloro or bromo group, which can be employed as bleaching agents. One especially referred example is magnesium monoperoxyphthalate having the formula: ##STR1## The invention also provides processes for the preparation of the salts, by reaction between a magnesium compound and the organic peroxyacid/carboxylate compound in a solvent from which the salt precipitates, the latter preferably being obtained by reaction between hydrogen peroxide and the corresponding anhydride under controlled reaction conditions of temperature and reagent ratios.

Abstract: A solid organic peroxide composition comprises from 50% to below 70% by weight of a solid organic peroxide, such as benzoyl peroxide, at least 10% preferably at least 15% of a liquid desensitizer such as a liquid ester of phthalic acid, benzoic acid or phosphoric acid, a silicone oil or a liquid chlorinated hydrocarbon and a solid organophilic compound such as a solid ester of phthalic acid, benzoic acid or phosphoric acid a solid chlorinated hydrocarbon or a salt of a higher fatty acid in, preferably, less than 20% by weight. The compositions are particularly insensitive to impact.

Abstract: Polyfunctional viscoelastic liquid compounds having molecular weights of at least 25,000 and preferably from 40,000 to 10 million comprise vinyl polymers having adducted thereon a plurality of groups, the same or different, the adducted groups having the general formula--CO--(CR.sub.2).sub.z --0--.sub.n Hwherein R represents a low molecular weight organic radical or, preferably, hydrogen, the total number of carbon atoms in all occurrences of R not exceeding 12, z represents a whole number from 4 to 8, preferably 5, and n represents on average, a number from, preferably, 0.5 to 300 per vinyl unit of the vinyl polymer. The compounds are soluble in a wide range of organic solvents and can find applications in adhesives, tackifiers, and fillers such as mastics, putties and like compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to aqueous alkaline bleach compositions containing hydrogen peroxide. Under alkaline conditions, it is particularly difficult to prevent the hydrogen peroxide decomposing excessively rapidly during storage, but the addition of an alkaline additive minimizes any change in the pH of washing solutions obtained by dissolution of generally bleach free washing compositions containing anionic surfactants. Hydrogen peroxide-containing aqueous alkaline bleach having acceptable peroxide stability can be obtained by employing an alcohol, preferably ethanol, in conjunction with a phosphonate, especially ethylene (diamino tetramethylene phosphonate,) particularly with a polyhydroxy carboxylate, preferably gluconate, or an amino acetate. The liquid bleach can contain a small proportion of a surfactant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to in-situ leaching of uranium, particularly employing an acidic leach liquor containing an oxidant, and especially in respect of ores containing significant amounts of transition metals that act as catalysts for peroxidant decomposition. When hydrogen peroxide is used as oxidant under such conditions it decomposes leading to the formation of gas bubbles and exacerbation of ore-blinding, and a reduction in the efficiency of extraction of uranium.The present invention employs peroxymonosulphuric acid as oxidant and thereby ameliorates the problems aforesaid. Preferably, additionally, sulphuric acid is present in the leach liquor and in many preferred embodiments the peroxymonosulphuric acid concentration is from 0.001 to 0.03 moles/liter and the sulphuric acid from 0.025 to 0.075 moles/liter.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes and compositions for the disinfection of aqueous media and particularly bacteria-containing aqueous effluents, e.g. treated municipal sewage or effluents from paper or food-processing industries, employing hydrogen peroxide-containing compositions as an alternative to chlorine. Specifically, the disinfectant comprises a combination of hydrogen peroxide, a soluble copper salt such as copper sulphate and an autoxisable reducing agent such as ascorbic acid or sodium sulphite, which can be employed in dilute concentrations at pH from 6 to 9, preferably 6.5 to 8. Particularly preferred combinations of the components are of mole ratios 1:1 to 60:1 of hydrogen peroxide:copper: and 5:1 to 1:1.2 copper:reducing agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the oxidation of sulphur dyes, particularly when they are incorporated in natural or regenerated cellulose textile fibres such as cotton, which employs an alternative oxidant to the ecologically undesirable dichromate now used. The process employs two steps, in the first of which the sulphur dyed textile is contacted with dilute hydrogen peroxide, very conveniently having a pH of 3-5 and at a temperature of from 40-80.degree. C. and in the second step, the textile is then contacted with a dilute solution of activator often ferric sulphate, preferably at pH 3-4 and from 0.1 to 1.0 g/l activator concentration. The process can be effected with relatively minor alteration or addition to existing equipment.

Abstract: The present invention provides aromatic peroxyacids containing at least three peroxyacid groups, which can be incorporated in detergent or bleaching compositions.The aromatic peroxyacids can be desensitized by intimate contact with a diluent e.g. magnesium sulphate or lauric acid, and coated to reduce destructive interaction with other components of the detergent or bleaching composition. Preferred aromatic peroxyacids include triperoxy trimellitic acid, triperoxy trimesic acid and tetraperoxy pyomellitic acid.The aromatic peroxyacids are especially suitable for washing white fabrics or cleaning hard surfaces, particularly at a temperature of from 30.degree. to 60.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention relates to the production of tungsten having a low impurity content of molybdenum from impure minerals such as scheelite.An aqueous acidic feed solution containing both molybdenum and tungsten, and also containing enough hydrogen peroxide to depolymerize heteropolymers of tungsten and molybdenum and prevent precipitation in the extractant, is contacted with an extractant composition comprising an organic phosphoric acid, a trialkyl phosphate and a tri-alkyl phosphine oxide in an hydrocarbon diluent. By selecting an appropriate combination of pH and hydrogen peroxide content of the feed, contents of the components of the extraction composition and temperature of extraction, selective extraction of molybdenum can be obtained. In some particularly preferred embodiments, the feed pH is in the range of 0.85 to 1.5, the mole ratio of hydrogen peroxide to tungsten and molybdenum is 0.6 to 1.0, the temperature of extraction is in the range 12.degree. to 20.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for disinfecting a water supply, employing as disinfectant a combination of monochloroamine and hydrogen peroxide for use as a disinfectant.The concentration of monochloroamine is preferably at least 0.02 ppm and generally not more than 0.5 ppm. The concentration of hydrogen peroxide is preferably at least 0.1 ppm and often not more than 1 ppm. Preferably the weight ratio of hydrogen peroxide to monochloroamine is in the range of 4:1 to 20:1.An advantage of employing a combination of monochloroamine and hydrogen peroxide as disinfectant is that a comparatively long lasting residual bactericide is thereby provided.

Abstract: In a process according to the present invention uranium is extracted into solution from its ore by leaching with an aqueous solution containing peroxomonosulphuric acid, the peroxoacid oxidizing the uranium through to its hexavalent state. Preferably the leaching is carried out at a temperature in the range of 50.degree. to 100.degree. C. The leach liquor can initially contain additional amounts of sulphuric acid or merely that present by virtue of the method of making the peroxomonosulphuric acid. In a preferred method of operation, the peroxoacid is introduced progressively into the leach liquor during the course of the leaching so as to maintain an electrochemical potential in the range of 450 to 650 mV.By use of the process, uranium is cleanly extracted into solution.

Abstract: The present invention provides aromatic peroxyacids containing at least two peroxyacid groups and a total of at least three peroxyacid or carboxy acid groups, which can be incorporated in detergent or bleaching compositions.The aromatic peroxyacids can be desensitized by intimate contact with a diluent e.g. magnesium sulphate or lauric acid, and coated to reduce destructive interaction with other components of the detergent or bleaching composition. Preferred aromatic peroxyacids include triperoxy trimellitic acid, triperoxy trimesic acid and tetraperoxy pyomellitic acid.The aromatic peroxyacids are especialy suitable for washing white fabrics or cleaning hard surfaces, particularly at a temperature of from 30.degree. to 60.degree. C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the recovery of manganese from aqueous acidic solution.The process comprises the steps of, (a) introducing into the solution peroxymonosulphuric acid (PMS) in a plurality of stages, normally from 2 to 6, often in the range of from 110 to 160% of the amount theoretically needed to oxidise the manganese to the Mn (IV) oxidation state, (b) introducing from 100 to 133% of the theoretical amount of neutralising agent to neutralise the PMS introduced in step (a), preferably in a single addition and prior to the introduction of the second stages of PMS and, (c) separating precipitated manganese salt from solution. The demanganisation reaction is preferably carried out at a temperature of above 60.degree. C. usually in the range of 70.degree. to 90.degree. C.An aqueous acidic manganese-containing solution can be obtained by leaching ores or scrap metal with strong mineral acids.

Abstract: The invention provides a continuous process for the production of a peracid in a chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent comprising the steps of: (a) providing an aqueous phase comprising sulphuric acid, hydrogen peroxide and water; (b) providing an organic phase comprising a chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent and carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of acetic acid and propionic acid; and (c) contacting said aqueous and organic phases countercurrently to produce an aqueous solution comprising sulphuric acid and water and an organic product solution comprising chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent and a peracid corresponding to said carboxylic acid. Desirably the process includes the added step of: (d) utilizing at least a portion of said aqueous solution to provide at least a portion of the aqueous phase of step (a).