Abstract: The circuit rapidly connects and disconnects solar cells to a battery to be charged. As a result of this operation, a "force charge" is applied to the battery even when low radiation is incident on the solar cells, resulting in increased efficiency of a solar power generation system including the solar cells. For example, using the circuit according to the present invention, solar cells only have to provide one and a half times the power of the battery instead of three times the power, as with conventional solar power generation systems.
Abstract: The present invention is directed to a continuous supercapacitor. The continuous supercapacitor includes a core of one or more atomic elements, and a one-atomic-layer-thick jacket composed of an atomic element selected from those making up the core. The core and jacket are separated by a gap containing outer valence electrons, with the jacket acting as a Faraday cage for the electrons. The gap is dimensioned such that the outer valence electrons vibrate a frequency, preferably ranging from about 1 to 5 gHz.