Abstract: Optical sensors, systems, and methods are described, which may be used to provide or analyze information about a subject. The optical sensor may be placed in proximity to the subject and may include optical sources and optical detectors. The optical sources may irradiate the subject with optical signals and the optical detectors can detect signals from the subject. Analysis of the detected signals can yield information about the subject.

Abstract: Optical sources having multiple optical emitters are described, which may be used in a sensor array used to detect optical properties of a subject, including hemoglobin and deoxygenated hemoglobin concentrations. Multiple optical emitters can be positioned within an optical source. The optical source may include a diffuser and one or more optics, which may direct light from the multiple optical emitters along substantially the same optical direction to the diffuser. The diffuser may receive light from the one or more optics and transmit light from the optical source where the transmitted light has a greater angular distribution than light emitted by one of the optical emitters.