Abstract: A method for provenance and illicit product control involves generating a unique identifier for a product unit, generating a unique identifier for a subunit of the product unit, and recording locations of the product unit and the subunit of the product unit to a blockchain in association with the unique identifiers. The blockchain includes linked data blocks containing sequential records of locations and quantities of product units and subunits of the product units moved through a product distribution supply chain. The method further involves tracking movement of the product unit and the subunit of the product unit through the product distribution supply chain, detecting an inconsistency between a record on the blockchain and movement of the product unit or the subunit of the product unit through the product distribution supply chain and outputting an indication of the inconsistency.