Abstract: A method for the manufacture of one or more (especially hollow) microneedles (16), e.g. in the form of an array, patch or chip of side-by-side arranged microneedles, e.g.

Abstract: An optical cell (10) for forming a luminaire, the optical cell (10) comprising: (i) a light collector element (14), (ii) a cover element (15) attached to the light collector element (14), and (iii) a transmission element (16) mounted between the light collector element (14) and the cover element (15); wherein: (iv) the light collector element (14) comprises a body including: an input, e.g. an input opening, for receiving and collecting light from at least one light source, e.g. one or more LEDs (32) pre-mounted on a circuit- or wiring board (30); an output, e.g.

Abstract: An arrangement (1) for forming into a luminaire, the arrangement (1) comprising: one or more optical cells (10) each including means for receiving, collecting and redistributing light from a respective one of one or more light sources (32), e.g. LEDs; and a configuring element (20) for accommodating the one or more optical cells (10) in a predefined relative configuration or pattern; wherein the configuring element (20) comprises a sheet or plate or film of material having one or more apertures (22) therein in the said predefined relative configuration or pattern, each aperture (22) being for receiving therein a respective one of the said cells (10).

Abstract: An optical element, e.g. based on a diffractive Fresnel lens, having suppressed or reduced chromatic aberration under non-monochromatic light and/or enhanced directional homogenisation in its angular irradiation characteristics, comprises a plurality of optical zones (10, 20), wherein each zone comprises at least one homogenising noise-introducing feature. In embodiments the at least one homogenising noise-introducing feature comprises one or more zonal displacement features, e.g. ripples (20?, 20?) and/or one or more zonal modulation features, e.g. one or more patterning features (30).

Abstract: An optical element (1) for use in a luminaire, especially a linear luminaire, for creating a prescribed output light distribution pattern from light emitted by a light source at a predetermined location relative to the optical element (1), the optical element (1) comprising a body including a surface which comprises a faceted structure (3), the faceted structure (3) comprising one or more strips or rows (6) each comprising a plurality of primary facets (4), wherein, for any given strip or row (6) of primary facets (4): (i) each respective primary facet (4) within the given strip or row (6) is configured such that it redirects light from a respective input direction associated with that primary facet (4) into a respective output direction associated with that primary facet (4); (ii) each respective primary facet (4) within the given strip or row (6) is configured such that light propagating therefrom in a said respective output direction associated with that primary facet (4) contributes to the prescribed outp

Abstract: An optical cell (10) for forming a luminaire, the optical cell (10) comprising: (i) a light collector element (14), (ii) a cover element (15) attached to the light collector element (14), and (iii) a transmission element (16) mounted between the light collector element (14) and the cover element (15); wherein: (iv) the light collector element (14) comprises a body including: an input, e.g. an input opening, for receiving and collecting light from at least one light source, e.g. one or more LEDs (32) pre-mounted on a circuit- or wiring board (30); an output, e.g.

Abstract: An arrangement (1) for forming into a luminaire, the arrangement (1) comprising: one or more optical cells (10) each including means for receiving, collecting and redistributing light from a respective one of one or more light sources (32), e.g. LEDs; and a configuring element (20) for accommodating the one or more optical cells (10) in a predefined relative configuration or pattern; wherein the configuring element (20) comprises a sheet or plate or film of material having one or more apertures (22) therein in the said predefined relative configuration or pattern, each aperture (22) being for receiving therein a respective one of the said cells (10).

Abstract: An optical element, e.g. based on a diffractive Fresnel lens, having suppressed or reduced chromatic aberration under non-monochromatic light and/or enhanced directional homogenisation in its angular irradiation characteristics, comprises a plurality of optical zones (10, 20), wherein each zone comprises at least one homogenising noise-introducing feature. In embodiments the at least one homogenising noise-introducing feature comprises one or more zonal displacement features, e.g. ripples (20?, 20?) and/or one or more zonal modulation features, e.g. one or more patterning features (30).

Abstract: A security element, e g. for an ID card (7) or passport, banknote, ticket, etc, comprises a plurality of superposed layers (8a, 8b, 8c, 8d) and a security image or object (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) comprising a plurality of discrete security components, each said discrete security component constituting or providing a portion of the complete security image or object, which portion is less than the hole of the security image or object, wherein each said discrete security component is provided or formed on or within a respective one of the said plurality of superposed layers of the element (7). The layers can be laminated together. The components can be: a security rainbow hologram/DOVID (1); a tactile security feature (2); a 3D holographic optical element (3); an IR visible printing (4); an UV visible printing (5); a colour switch printing (6).