Abstract: A circuit for effectively controlling the process of pre-charging a power capacitor, comprising an integrator circuit consisting of an operational amplifier implementing a voltage dependent current source, the power capacitor is being connected between the output of the integrator and ground; a high side driver connected to the positive input of the integrator via a serial current limiting resistor, for generating control signals provided to the dependent current source, the negative terminal of the driver being connected to the negative input of the integrator; a control capacitor connected between the positive input of the operational amplifier and ground. Upon activating the driver by an activation pulse, the power capacitor is being charged in a constant current determined by the current limiting resistor, until reaching a desired voltage, while the voltage across the power capacitor follows the volage across the control capacitor.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for dual power unit power distribution. In an aspect, a system includes a first power unit and a second power unit, each operable to store and provide power to a load. A first switch is interposed between the first power unit and a power bus, and a second switch interposed between the second power unit and the power bus. A bidirectional power conveyor is connected to the first power unit and connected to the second power unit, and is operable to convey power between the first power unit and the second power unit independent of respective voltages of the first power unit and the second power unit.

Abstract: The present disclosure involves an electrical power management module configured to provide electrical power from a power unit to a parallel power bus, comprising: a switch circuit coupleable to the power unit and to the parallel power bus for delivering power from the power unit to the parallel power bus and for charging the power unit from the parallel power bus, the switch circuit changeable between connecting and disconnecting the power unit with the parallel power bus; and a bypass circuit around the switch circuit, coupleable to the power unit and to the parallel power bus for delivering power from the power unit to the parallel power bus and for charging the power unit from the parallel power bus, the bypass circuit comprising a bidirectional power converter.