Abstract: A radio access network (RAN) operates by: determining an initial RU/UE association that allocates the plurality of UEs among the plurality of RUs via reference signal received power (RSRP) data received from the plurality of RUs; receiving RU conditions data corresponding to a set of RU conditions associated with the plurality of RUs; receiving RU constraint data associated with the plurality of RUs; assigning, via at least one iterative RU sleeping loop and based on the initial RU/UE association, the RU conditions data and the RU constraint data, an active mode to a first subset of the plurality of RUs and a sleep mode to a second subset of the plurality of RUs; and updating a dynamic RU/UE association based on the first subset of the plurality of RUs and the second subset of the plurality of RUs.