Abstract: A heat resistant and fire-proof material comprising: (a) a thermosetting synthetic resin; and (b) a ceramic layer forming component comprising (1) boric acid salts and/or silicic acid salts, and (2) a filler material comprising expanded pearlite having the following characteristics: composition: 5 to 20% by weight of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, the balance being substantially SiO.sub.2 ; specific gravity: 0.05 to 0.2; melting point: higher than 1000.degree. C.; and thermal conductivity: 0.03 to 0.10 kcal/mh.degree. C. The material has improved fire-proof and thermal insulation properties.