Abstract: The suitability of the kind of steel strip known as black plate, optionally coated with small quantities of tin or nickel for food packaging, is greatly improved by ensuring the presence of a layer of P-type semiconducting oxide on the surface thereof. The ratio of the number of Type-P charge bearing atoms (NA) of that semiconducting oxide to the numbr of Type-N charge bearing atoms (ND) is greater than 1.2. The quality of the plate is yet further improved by coating the oxide surface with a thin chromic passivation layer that also contains a P-type semiconducting oxide.

Abstract: The wrapping includes two front end discoidal lids with cylindrical perimetral covers, suitable to surround the coil; each of the two lids is made up of at least two parts (21, 23; 25, 27) defined by radial planes, as two half-covers, which are assembled one after the other, each resting on the top part of the coil B, and making the coil itself resting on rollers 35 rotate; the two lids are made so that they overlap when they are assembled on the coil axially opposite to one another.

Abstract: The suitability of the kind of steel strip known as black plate, optionally coated with small quantities of tin or nickel for food packaging, is greating improved by ensuring the presence of a layer of P-type semiconducting oxide on the surface thereof.The quality of the plate is yet further improved by coating the oxide surface with a thin chromic passivation layer that also contains a P-type semiconducting oxide.

Abstract: A protective wrapper made of sheet metal for individual cylindrical ribbon coils of coiled metal sheeting to protect the coils individually from damage and from atmospheric corrosive agents. The wrapper is constructed from two discoidal end caps having a band defining a sleeve open at one end and an annular, radially inwardly projecting flange at the other end. The caps are disposed at opposite ends of the coil with the band or sleeve thereof extending toward each other. Each sleeve has an axial extent so that they overlap along marginal edges at the open ends over the coil. Each flange has pleats or corrugations extending radially increasing in depth toward the center of the coil. Each end cap flange has a center opening which will align coaxially with the center of the coil. A tubular insert for each end is inserted into the center of the coil and each insert has a radial flange extending outwardly to overlap the corresponding end cap flange.

Abstract: The above invention concerns the use of sodium carbonate and various mixtures thereof in furnaces for converting iron while blowing with oxygen.This compound, suitably prepared and added to the converter with sufficient operator skill, permits one to take care of well known limitations of rapid conversion processes, notably increasing reactions removing elements which are not wanted in steel, in particular phosphorus and sulphur.After careful examination of all the aspects of the use of said materials in converters, those conditions have been identified which permit one to use with success this new method with sodium slags in all types of processing involving oxygen blowing.

Abstract: Solid substances are introduced into a bath of molten metal by pushing a hollow metal tube filled with the solid substance, through a tubular former that imparts a spiral shape to the carrier tube. The spiral rotates about a vertical axis as it descends into the bath of molten metal.

Abstract: Sulfur dioxide is removed from waste gases generated in a thermoelectric plant by contacting the gases countercurrently with an aqueous alkaline solution having a pH of about 9-12 and containing both sodium hydroxide and manganic hydroxide, whereby the sulfur dioxide reacts with the sodium hydroxide to form sodium sulfite until the pH of the solution is about 6-7 and the sodium hydroxide is substantially exhausted and wherein the sulfur dioxide then reacts with the manganic hydroxide to form manganese sulfite. The resultant sodium sulfite and manganese sulfite are oxidized and transformed into sodium sulfate and manganese sulfate respectively, by the action of oxygen in the mixture, in the presence of the manganic ion and also by the direct oxidizing action of the manganic ion.

Abstract: A method according to the invention is based on the combination of the activation treatment of a steel object in an aqueous neutral solution with the use of auxiliary electrodes, dipped in the same activating solution, which causes the steel to be pre-plated.

Abstract: A method of thermally treating a rolled steel plate comprising receiving the rolled steel plate after it has been rolled to a final thickness, developing a uniformed temperature distribution within the rolled steel plate greater than a critical temperature of the steel plate, and quenching the steel plate while the temperature distribution thereof is still uniform and still exceeds the critical temperature. The critical temperature may be Arl or Acl.

Abstract: Hydrogen embrittlement of welded joints in carbon steels and low-alloy structural steels is minimized by employing a steel welding wire having a nickel content related to the nickel content of the steel according to the expression:%Ni.sub.base metal +0.40%<%Ni.sub.wire <%Ni.sub.base metal +1.0%.Either molybdenum or chromium are added to the wire at such a percentage related to the nickel content that hydrogen ions are discharged at the welded seam while the alloying action with the chromium or molybdenum protects the joint from hydrogen embrittlement. The content of chromium, if present, is from 1.5 to 5 times the nickel content of the wire, while the content of molybdenum, if present, is from 0.15 to 0.50 times the nickel content.

Abstract: A weathering steel has high toughness and rapidly develops a protective oxide coating and contains C 0.05 - 0.15, Mn 0.5 - 1.5, Cu 0.2 - 0.5,Al 0.2 - 0.5, Si 0.1 - 0.8, Cr 0.5 - 1.5, S up to 0.02, P up to 0.04, Nb up to 0.020, N up to 0.010 Mo up to 0.15, Ti up to 0.1, balance essentially iron, the proportions being as follows:2.6(Mn%) + 3.2(Cu%) + 41.6(Nb%) + 1.3(Cr%/Al%) = 7.4 to 10.1 the value of Cr%/Al% being from 2 to 5, preferably from 3 to 4.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a zinc-based alloy for coating steel and products coated therewith. More exactly, the invention relates to a low-alloy zinc suitable for the continuous coating of steel, particularly in the form of sheet and wire, on Sendzimir coating lines and to the products coated with said alloy.

Abstract: The invention provides variation in the delivery of oxygen to converters for refining metal. Thus, oxygen blowing into such converters in unstationary manners, i.e., varying degrees of pressure and/or flow rate, is performed by means of partialization of the nozzles of the lance heads, or by means of decreases in the penetration capacities of the oxygen jets throughout the blowing process or during a part only of the same resulting in greatly improved reaction rates.

Abstract: In a coating apparatus, doctor means for effecting a uniform coating of a molten metal includes an air-knife means having a sliding shutter disposed within the nozzle at each end of the slot thereof. Each shutter is configurated and operatively associated with a nozzle wall to form a chamber having an opening at the nozzle slot. Means feed a gaseous fluid through each said chamber at a relatively high pressure to therby effect a composite air-knife having higher pressures at the ends thereof.

Abstract: The object of the present invention consists of improved nozzles for the lance heads for blowing oxygen from above, in the refining processes.

Abstract: Opposed fluid doctor blades include each a slotted elongated nozzle including adjustable lip elements adaptable to vary the configuration of the fluid blade. Blade elements disposed within the nozzle are adjustable along the elongated extent of the slot whereby to adjust the effective length thereof.