Abstract: A method and system for monitoring the condition of livestock comprises a plurality of sensors (115, 103, 113, 111, 107, 105) for sensing a plurality of different behavioral parameters of an animal. The sensed data is transmitted by a unit (115), wirelessly, t a central processor (119) and a plurality of status conditions of the animal is determined on the basis of the transmitted, sensed data such as the onset of parturition, fertility status and other health status conditions. The unit (115) may be permanently worn by the animal and may keep an electronic record of the status conditions of the animal.

Abstract: A method for authenticating a data carrier that is associated with at least two security features that can be independently used to authenticate the data carrier, the method comprising using a first one of the security features to authenticate the data carrier and switching to using a second security feature in place of the first security feature in response to a switch security feature command.

Abstract: A method for authenticating a workflow that has one or more designated steps that require authentication of associated resources, the method comprising: using a reader instrument to read at least one security feature uniquely associated resources involved in the workflow; authenticating the security feature, thereby to authenticate its associated resource, and recording authentication information for each designated workflow step.

Abstract: A product management system for monitoring the movement of products through a supply chain, the system being adapted to receive data from reader devices that capture data associated with the products as they move through the chain. The captured data is used to generate an event record for each product, at each stage in the supply chain. These records are used, together with at least one model of the supply chain, to detect anomalous events.