Abstract: An apparatus operates to identify the speech signal of an unknown speaker as one of a finite number of speakers. Each speaker is modeled and recognized with any example of their speech. The input to the system is analog speech and the output is a list of scores that measure how similar the input speaker is to each of the speakers whose models are stored in the system. The system includes front end processing means which is responsive to the speech signal to provide digitized samples of the speech signal at an output which are stored in a memory. The stored digitized samples are then retrieved and divided into frames. The frames are processed to provide a series of speech parameters indicative of the nature of the speech content in each of the frames.

Abstract: A digital divider with both integral and fractional division capabilities is provided by utilization of a counter and one decoder to trigger phase reversal and a second decoder to trigger short-cycling of the counter. The first decoder provides phase reversal to cause extra half pulses during the period established by the second decoder to thus create the fractional count needed for fractional division. A control input is included to select either whole number division or fractional division.

Abstract: A liquid crystal beam splitter includes a magnetic coil adapted to controllably orient, or tilt, the molecules of a layer of liquid crystal material and thereby detune the internal reflections of a polarized light beam component passing therethrough.

Abstract: A liquid crystal wave division device includes first and second polarization changing cells, the polarization changing cells utilize homogeneously aligned nematic liquid crystal material to effect the change of polarization of a preselected frequency portion of a multifrequency incident light beam.

Abstract: An apparatus for automatic speech recognition includes a plurality of processors, including template processors in which there are stored templates representative of both speech and non-speech sounds. Incoming sounds are continuously converted into digital signals in respective frames representative of speech and non-speech sounds, respectively. Sequences of such frames are compared with both the speech and non-speech templates to determine the closest matches. Endpoints of respective speech utterances are determined in response to the detection of respective non-speech-speech-non-speech sequences, whereupon such speech utterances are processed to recognize the same.

Abstract: A liquid crystal switching device includes first and second polarization reorienting cells disposed such that a polarized component of an incident light beam is incident normal to the cell.

Abstract: A liquid crystal switching apparatus includes a plurality of juxtaposed liquid crystal switching devices, each such device being capable of selectively reorienting the polarization of a polarized light beam component incident thereupon.

Abstract: An optical switching device includes first and second polarization changing cells, the polarization changing cells utilize twisted nematic liquid crystal material to effect the change of polarization. The resultant device exhibits reduced cross talk between the output ports thereof and requires less voltage to effect the switching of the output beam therebetween.

Abstract: A collimator includes a transparent base member defined by a planar surface and a spherical reflecting surface and includes an opening therein whereby an optical fiber may be terminated in the focal plane of the spherical reflecting surface.

Abstract: A orderwire detector circuit operates to identify whether an orderwire signal is of a digital or of an analog format. The orderwire signal is conveniently combined with a high speed data signal. The circuit operates to filter the high speed data signal from the orderwire signal and then square and retime the orderwire signal by means of a stable clock source. The orderwire signal is delayed by one bit and these bits are then compared to determine whether or not over a long period a certain voltage exists. If the proper voltage level exists after a plurality of samples, then it is assumed that the orderwire signal is a digital signal. Depending on the voltage detected, at the end of a predetermined sampling period, one can therefore discriminate between a signal orderwire signal or a analog orderwire signal.

Abstract: A header for a wafer scale assembly includes a plurality of pins having end portions connectable to the wafer scale assembly. The end portions lie in a single plane that it substantially parallel to the plane of the wafer scale assembly.

Abstract: A liquid crystal optical switching device includes first and second transparent members configured to minimize both the path length and the number of internal reflections of a light beam traversing the device.

Abstract: A single fiber optical communication system (SFOCS) allows, in many operational scenarios, one-person deployment and recovery of optical links. Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is employed to provide full-duplex, bi-directional transmission. An optical subsystem achieves the wavelength multiplexing and demultiplexing while at the same time allowing for an unpolarized terminal design. Selection by the system of the WDM operating wavelengths between a pair of SFOCS terminals is performed without operator intervention.

Abstract: The method and associated system for providing increased information carrying capacity in optical fiber communication through frequency-division-multiplexing, comprising the steps of generating a reference optical beam, generating a plurality of closely spaced optical carriers having frequencies which are coherently related to the reference frequency of the reference optical beam and which are capable of drifting with the reference frequency while maintaining coherence therewith, and combining the plurality of closely spaced optical carriers to provide a multiplexed optical output beam.

Abstract: A liquid crystal optical switching device includes a plurality of ports each having associated therewith a blind hole receiving an optical fiber that is secured subsequent to the alignment thereof. The switching device is fabricated from inexpensive material and includes a minimum of optically flat surfaces.

Abstract: A liquid crystal optical switching device that is independent of critical angle accuracies in the manufacturer and operation thereof includes an exposed fiber optic proximate the liquid crystal material.

Abstract: A digital speech coding circuit makes use of linear predictive coding, vector quantization and difference, Huffman coding, and excitation estimation to produce digital representations of human speech having bit rates low enough to be transmitted over such channels as telephone lines and at the same time being capable of being synthesized in the receiver portion of the circuit to produce analog speech of high intelligibility and quality. The transmitter portion of the circuit comprises a series connection of a low pass filter, analog to digital converter, linear predictive coding module comprising five resonators for establishing five center frequencies and bandwidths of the analog speech, vector quantization module comprising binary representation of the likely combinations of resonances found in human speech, Huffman coding module, a variable bit rate to fixed bit rate converter, and optionally, an encryption module.

Abstract: A liquid crystal optical switching device having reduced crosstalk includes a liquid crystal beam splitter for splitting incident light into polarized components thereof and a liquid crystal optical switch for directing those components to either a first or a second output port.

Abstract: A universal wafer scale assembly substrate includes an orthogonal multilayer matrix of conductive paths that, inter alia, define a plurality of chip sites. The paths defining the chip sites are provided with termination pads at the ends thereof proximate the site.

Abstract: An optical interface apparatus includes a liquid crystal carrier light beam modulator and a liquid crystal demodulator.