Abstract: The invention relates to an operating microscope provided with at least one motor for a magnification adjustment (zoom 1), a distance or focus adjustment (focus 6), an X adjustment or canting (7) and a Y adjustment or tilt (8), in which the zoom adjustment serves as setting signal for the focus, the X and/or the Y adjustment both as to position as well as to speed (FIG. 1).

Abstract: In order to minimize the requsite expenditure of energy involved in a positional change of a microscope for the microsurgery mounted on a floor stand or suspended from a ceiling suspension mount that comprises a viewing element (17, an eyepiece (12), an objective (13), a beam divider (11) disposed between the viewing element (17) and a magnification power changer (12), in which the microscope is swivelably disposed in a suspension mount in such a way that a microscope swivel axis is located in the beam divider exit axis (A), the point of intersection of the microscope swivel axis (B) and the beam divider exit axis (A) is located at the center of gravity or within the immediate proximity of the center of gravity of the microscope (Fig.).

Abstract: In order to better cover the operating field with a stereoscopic operating microscope in connection with a television camera, the operating microscope is provided with a beam divider, whose two beam divider elements (2, 2') inserted into the parallel optical path of the two optical viewing paths (1,1') are disposed in such a way relative to each other that the ray bundles (4,4') deflected by the beam divider elements (2,2') intersect at least once in one plane and are reflected once on reflecting elements (5,5') disposed vertically to this plane, before the ray bundles (4,4') impinge upon image-recording chips (7,7') of camera systems.

Abstract: An illuminating device for a surgical microscope, which device has a light source arranged outside the observing beam path, a first deflector for light arranged between the light source and the observing beam path of the microscope, and a second deflector for light arranged closer to the observing beam path than the first deflector, is distinguished in that the first deflector comprises two deflecting elements of which one is fixed and the other is movable, and of which the deflecting element arranged closer to the observed object is also provided with a deflecting device on its side averted from the light source for directing light from the other deflecting element to the second deflector.

Abstract: The phoropter is provided with a rotating knob means for selecting specific types of functions (12,13,14), the angular position being picked up by means of a pulse generator, e.g.

Abstract: In order to achieve an ergonomically and medically correct sitting position for the surgeon in every working position, the surgeon's chair is constructed in such a way that an adaptation to the frequently changing position of the surgeon is possible, for which purpose a vertically adjustable and horizontally displaceable seat is mounted on a column with a detachable backrest and with articulated arms with armrests arranged lattery to the seat and transferrable into various angular positions, in which chair the articulated arms are transferrable into optimal angles of inclination by means of two hinges and, over and above that, are transferrable as far as into the lateral area of the backrest when a sitting position facing the backrest has to be assumed.

Abstract: A lower frequency clock signal is supplied to a CCD line sensor. The step-like test signal detected by a scanning circuit is converted by means of a defining circuit and supplied to an evaluation circuit. The position of a light bar on a sensor is accurately determined by comparison with a higher frequency clock signal.

Abstract: The subassembly arranged between a zoom system and the ocular telescope of a stereoscopic surgery microscope for eye surgery comprises a prism system, arranged in a casing, for a complete image reversal with a beam displacement and a direction-invariable optical path, it being possible to move the prism system out of the optical path between the zoom system and the ocular telescope for eliminating image reversal.

Abstract: Method for obtaining cross cylinder-like actions for using the adjusting or aligning measurement known as the cross cylinder method in phoropters for subjective refraction, wherein the spherical and cylindrical lens discs of the phoropter are adjusted in preprogrammed manner to cross cylinder-like lens systems.The set problem is also solved by a phoropter with spherical test lenses and cylindrical lenses arranged on lens discs and which can be introduced into the observation optical path, wherein the motor drives of the lens discs are combined in a program control unit, connected to an operating unit and an indicating unit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a surgery microscope with a front lens having at least one displaceable element through which the light beams can be passed in addition to the observation beams. The displaceable front lens element is constructed in cut-through form between the path of the illumination rays and the reflections on the lens surfaces on the one hand and the path of the observation rays on the other and has the cut point or notch of a light barrier. As a result, reflections which would otherwise occur on the individual lens component surfaces are kept away from the paths of the observation rays.

Abstract: An apparatus for the generation and measurement of defined forces independent of position or travel of transmitting members for medical examination appliances wherein a lever pivotable about a horizontal axis in a vertical plane carries a probe adapted to be placed in contact with the body of a patient under controlled and measurable pressure. The lever is actuated by an electro-magnetic arrangement, limited in its movement electro-mechanically, and its torque is controlled and measured electronically. The apparatus includes a two-armed lever pivotally mounted about a horizontal axis for movement in a vertical plane, the center of gravity of the lever coincides with the pivot axis of the lever. A contact probe for engaging a body area under examination is attached to the free end portion of the upper arm of the lever. A permanent magnet system and a rectangular coil are secured to the free end of the lower arm of the lever.

Abstract: A floor or ceiling support mounted microscope for microsurgery wherein the microscope includes an objective of variable intercept length. The objective consists of at least two lens assemblies movable relative to each other. One of the two lens assemblies may be exchangeable against similar assemblies of different focal lengths.

Abstract: A floor or ceiling mounted microscope for microsurgery with various accessories wherein the microscope is rotatably journalled in a suspension mounting in a manner so that the pivot axis of the microscope coincides with the axis of the beam splitter. The accessories may either be rigidly secured to the suspension mounting, or be rotatable together with the microscope.

Abstract: A microsurgical operating unit for the movable installation of an operating microscope in an operating theater. The unit includes a ceiling member for attachment to the ceiling, several pivotably interconnected members for holding and locking the microscope in any desired orientation, and a motor drive for elevation adjustments of the microscope.