Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte rechargeable battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte solution. The positive electrode includes a positive-electrode active material that occludes and discharges an alkali metal ion. The negative electrode includes a negative-electrode active material that occludes and discharges an alkali metal ion. At least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode contains a conductive polymer that binds the active material and provides oxidation resistance.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte rechargeable battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte solution. The positive electrode includes a positive-electrode active material that occludes and discharges an alkali metal ion. The negative electrode includes a negative-electrode active material that occludes and discharges an alkali metal ion. At least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode contains a conductive polymer. The conductive polymer has a fiber-form or a three-dimensional structure provided by the fiber-form as a base, the fiber-form having a fiber diameter of equal to or less than 100 nm and an aspect ratio of equal to or greater than 10.

Abstract: It is to provide an electrolyte solution for a dye sensitized solar cell that does not generate a gas, can be used in a wide temperature range, and is excellent in durability. The electrolyte solution contains a chain sulfone compound represented by formula (1) as a solvent. (In the formula, R1 and R2 each independently represent an alkyl group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, which may be partially substituted by a halogen, an alkoxy group or an aromatic ring, an alkoxy group, or a phenyl group.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a near infrared absorbent dye capable of providing a near infrared shielding filter with excellent transparency as well as high heat resistance and hygrothermal resistance. The near infrared absorbent dye is characterized in that it is made of the amorphous form of diimmonium salt represented by formula (1).

Abstract: There is provided a high-sensitivity organic semiconductor radiation/light sensor and a radiation/light detector which can detect rays in real time. In the high-sensitivity organic semiconductor radiation/light sensor, a signal amplification wire 2 is embedded in an organic semiconductor 1. Carriers created by passage of radiation or light are avalanche-amplified by a high electric field generated near the signal amplification wire 2 by means of applying a high voltage to the signal amplification wire 2, thus dramatically improving detection efficiency of rays. Hence, even rays exhibiting low energy loss capability can be detected in real time with high sensitivity.

Abstract: A near infrared absorbent dye is provided, having excellent heat resistance and excellent moisture resistance, as is a near infrared shielding filter using the dye. The near infrared absorbent dye contains an association form of a diimmonium salt compound represented by formula (1): wherein R1 to R8 are the same or different and each represents an organic group, and X? represents an anion.

Abstract: An electrolytic solution for an electric double layer capacitor comprising a quaternary ammonium salt in a mixed solvent containing ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate as an electrolyte. The electrolytic solution for electric double layer capacitor has a low coefficient of viscosity, has an excellent low temperature characteristics of not coagulating at a low temperature, possesses high electrical conductivity over a wide temperature range, and has a long-term reliability.

Abstract: A coloring matter absorbing a near-infrared ray which comprises a diimonium salt containing a sulfonimide as an anion moiety, represented by the general formula (1): wherein R may be the same or different and represents a moiety selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group, a halogenated alkyl group, a cyanoalkyl group, an aryl group, a hydroxyl group, a phenyl group, and a phenylalkylene group, and R1 and R2 may be the same or different and each represent a fluoroalkyl group, or together form a fluoroalkylene group. The coloring matter absorbing a near-infrared ray is excellent in the resistance to heat and moisture, and thus exhibits an ability of absorbing a near-infrared ray not lowering for a long period of time.

Abstract: An electrolytic solution for an electric double layer capacitor is provided. A spiro compound of formula (1) is provided as an electrolyte in an aprotic solvent. The electric conductivity of the solution at ?40° C. is 0.85 mS/cm or higher. This electrolytic solution provides a high dissolution of electrolyte in solvent and exhibits excellent conductivity and electrostatic capacity over a wide range of temperatures Further, the electrolytic solution exhibits high resistance to voltage, even under long-term high voltage load, and exhibits suppressed lowering of electrostatic capacity allowing the solution to excel in long-term stability.

Abstract: An electrolytic solution for an electric double layer capacitor comprising a quaternary ammonium salt in a mixed solvent containing ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate as an electrolyte. The electrolytic solution for electric double layer capacitor has a low coefficient of viscosity, has an excellent low temperature characteristics of not coagulating at a low temperature, possesses high electrical conductivity over a wide temperature range, and has a long-term reliability.

Abstract: A coloring matter absorbing a near-infrared ray which comprises a diimonium salt containing a sulfonimide as an anion moiety, represented by the general formula (1): wherein R may be the same or different and represents a moiety selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group, a halogenated alkyl group, a cyanoalkyl group, an aryl group, a hydroxyl group, a phenyl group, and a phenylalkylene group, and R1 and R2 may be the same or different and each represent a fluoroalkyl group, or together form a fluoroalkylene group. The coloring matter absorbing a near-infrared ray is excellent in the resistance to heat and moisture, and thus exhibits an ability of absorbing a near-infrared ray not lowering for a long period of time.

Abstract: An electrolyte for an electrical double layer capacitor and an electrical double layer capacitor using the electrolyte are disclosed. The electrolyte has a low coefficient of viscosity, high conductivity, and high withstand voltage, and excels in long term reliability. The electrolyte for an electrical double-layer capacitor comprises a dimethyl carbonate and a compound of the following formula (1), wherein, m and n individually represent a natural number of 3-7, and X is a counter anion.

Abstract: An electrolyte for an electrical double layer capacitor and an electrical double layer capacitor using the electrolyte are disclosed. The electrolyte has a low coefficient of viscosity, high conductivity, and high withstand voltage, and excels in long term reliability. The electrolyte for an electrical double-layer capacitor comprises a dimethyl carbonate and a compound of the following formula (1), wherein, m and n individually represent a natural number of 3-7, and X? is a counter anion.

Abstract: A titanium dioxide photocatalyst carrier is prepared by coating a surface of a substrate with a titanium dioxide precursor solution prepared from a hydrolyzable titanium compound and an aromatic compound solvent, and then heat-treating the coated substrate thereby preparing a carrier coated with a thin layer of titanium oxide.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for forming a novel carbonaceous material, which has properties such as acceptor properly useful as a secondary cell electrode material and a host material for catalyst, comprising of the steps of electrochemically polymerizing a nitrogen-containing organic compound as a monomer constituent, and heat-treating the resultant polymer as a carbon precursor.

Abstract: The ultraviolet- and infrared-ray absorbing polymer composition contains 0.01-1 part by weight of an organic ultraviolet-ray absorbent and 0.001-2 parts by weight of an organic infrared-ray absorbent onto 100 parts by weight of a polycarbonate resin which implies 10-100% by weight of copolyestercarbonate, manufactured by heat-molding process at 210.degree.-245.degree. C. from a mixture of those components. This polymer composition is manufactured easily by an ordinary screw extruder or injection molding machine without strict control of heat-molding temperature, at a high non-defective ratio, said product having a stable effect in absorbing ultraviolet rays and infrared rays, while allowing transmittance of visible radiation rays, thus making it suitable for a wide variety of uses.

Abstract: A liquid crystal element has a pair of opposed substrates, electrodes thereon, and a ferroelectric liquid crystal sealed between the substrates. A film of a conductive organic compound or a mixture of a conductive organic compound and another organic compound is disposed on the substrate surface, optionally via an orienting film. The conductive organic compound is typically a charge-transfer complex. The film may be formed by an LB method, coating, vapor phase polymerization or electrolytic polymerization. The element has improved optical bistability, contrast, and response.

Abstract: A solid non-polar capacitor having excellent electrical characteristics such as high capacitance, which includes an electrode formed from a conductor having a porous surface, a dielectric layer formed from an insulating polymer thin film on the porous surface of the conductor, and a counter electrode formed from an electrically conductive layer on the surface of the dielectric layer. Preferably, the electrically conductive layer constituting the counter electrode consists of an electrically conductive polymer film prepared by chemical oxidation polymerization and an electrically conductive polymer layer prepared by electrolytic polymerization.

Abstract: Improved alumina-zirconia composite sintered materials with sufficient high mechanical strength and thermal shock resistance as well as excellent hardwearing resistance are made by mixing, heating and melting zirconia and alumina, then the produced melt was quenched, and the resulting solid was ground and milled while adding thereto at least one compound of ceria and/or titania, to an average grain size of from about 0.5 to about 1.5 .mu.m, and subjected the resulting powder to molding and sintering at a temperature of from 1450.degree. to about 1600.degree. C., said zirconia, ceria and titania being employed in the amount of about 10-20%, about 3-7%, and about 15-25% by weight, respectively, plus the balance of alumina. Said sintered materials are useful for employment in structural materials, refractorial materials, erosion resistance materials, cutting tool materials, grinding and polishing materials, etc.

Abstract: Highly pure 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid (BPTA) and dianhydride thereof (BPDA) are produced by heating crude BPTA to give BPDA, treating the BPDA with hot water to give highly pure BPTA, and in the case of highly pure BPDA, heat treating the pure BPTA to give highly pure BPDA.