Abstract: A backplane suitable to pulse width modulate an array of emissive pixels with a current that is substantially constant over a wide range of temperatures. A current control circuit provides means to provide a constant current to an array of current mirror pixel drive elements. The current control circuit comprises a thermally stable bias resistor and a thermally stable band-gap voltage source to provide thermally stable controls and a large L p-channel reference current FET with an associated large L n-channel bias FET configured to provide a reference current at a required voltage to the gate of a large L p-channel current source FET. The current control circuit and the current mirror pixel drive elements are similar circuits with one current control circuit able to control a substantial number of pixel drive elements.

Abstract: A backplane operative to drive an array of emissive pixel elements is disclosed. Each pixel element comprises a memory cell operative to modulate a plurality of current mirror drive elements configured to drive one emissive element, wherein a plurality of current mirror pixel drive elements may be individually enabled by external control signals. The width W of the reference current FET of a first selectable current mirror circuit will differ from the width W of the reference current FET of a second selectable current mirror circuit. The ratio of the width W of the current source FET to the width W of the reference current FET in a first selectable current mirror pixel drive element is equal to the ratio of the width W of the current source FET to the width W of the reference current FET in a second selectable current mirror pixel drive element.

Abstract: A backplane operative to drive an array of emissive pixel elements is disclosed. Each pixel element comprises a memory cell operative to modulate a plurality of current mirror drive elements configured to drive one emissive element, wherein one current mirror pixel drive element is always operative to provide current if the memory cell is on and all other current mirror pixel drive elements may enabled subject to external control signals and the memory cell data state. The W/L ratio of each reference current FET is equal to the W/L ratio of all other reference current FETs. The W/L ratio of the current source FETs in each of the current mirror pixel drive elements is equal to the others. The present invention allows adjustment of the current density within the current source FET as well as the sensitivity of the current source FET to threshold voltage variation.

Abstract: A backplane operative to drive an array of emissive pixel elements is disclosed. Each pixel element comprises a pixel circuit drive element and an emissive element, wherein the pixel circuit drive element comprises a memory cell, a current source element, and a modulation element. The present invention improves on an emissive display by providing a backplane and modulation system that enables fabrication of multi-color or monochrome LED display systems that operate efficiently and without objectionable image artifacts. One aspect of the present invention is to realize the backplane in a single crystal silicon process with a minimum number of metal layers while providing each color with a suitable operating voltage and drive current.

Abstract: The present invention is to improve on an emissive display by providing a backplane and modulation system that enables fabrication of multi-color or monochrome LED display systems that operate efficiently and without objectionable image artifacts. One aspect of the present invention is to implement the backplane of an emissive display that offers high precision across an array of pixels and extremely low variation. The present invention uses a large L FET to generate a reference current and then uses the same large L FET to act as a current source mirroring the reference current, thereby ensuring a substantially perfect match between reference current FET and current source FET.

Abstract: A backplane operative to drive an array of emissive pixel elements is disclosed. Each pixel element comprises a pixel circuit drive element and an emissive element, wherein the pixel circuit drive element comprises a memory cell, a current source element, and a modulation element. The present invention improves on an emissive display by providing a backplane and modulation system that enables fabrication of multi-color or monochrome LED display systems that operate efficiently and without objectionable image artifacts. One aspect of the present invention is to realize the backplane in a single crystal silicon process with a minimum number of metal layers while providing each color with a suitable operating voltage and drive current.

Abstract: A method of pulse width modulating a spatial light modulator comprises determining a modulation sequence and applying the modulation sequence to the spatial light modulator in a time order method. The modulation sequence comprises a plurality of minor modulation segments. Each minor modulation segment comprises an always-on modulation segment in an always-on state. The plurality of minor modulation segments are temporally spaced such that the always-on modulation segments are spaced at predetermined intervals. Each minor modulation segment comprises at least one thermometer bit.

Abstract: A display device and modulation scheme for applying image data to an imager is disclosed. The display may use a modulation scheme wherein spacing of row write actions on the rows creates gray scale modulation, wherein one row spacing between sequential row write actions is at a first distance while another row spacing between sequential row write actions is at a distance greater than said first distance. The modulation scheme may create a series of write pointers that create a corresponding series of write planes. In some embodiments, modulation efficiency is increased allowing the use of lower frequency imaging circuits to achieve the same display image.

Abstract: A display device and modulation scheme for applying image data to an imager is disclosed. The display may use a modulation scheme wherein spacing of row write actions on the rows creates gray scale modulation, wherein one row spacing between sequential row write actions is at a first distance while another row spacing between sequential row write actions is at a distance greater than said first distance. The modulation scheme may create a series of write pointers that create a corresponding series of write planes. In some embodiments, modulation efficiency is increased allowing the use of lower frequency imaging circuits to achieve the same display image.

Abstract: A display device and modulation scheme for applying image data to an imager is disclosed. The display may use a modulation scheme wherein spacing of row write actions on the rows creates gray scale modulation, wherein one row spacing between sequential row write actions is at a first distance while another row spacing between sequential row write actions is at a distance greater than said first distance. The modulation scheme may create a series of write pointers that create a corresponding series of write planes. In some embodiments, modulation efficiency is increased allowing the use of lower frequency imaging circuits to achieve the same display image.

Abstract: A method of organizing and ordering pulse width modulation image data is disclosed, so that it may be displayed on the pixels of a scrolling color display. The method includes a method of formatting received image data into a different form suitable for driving a pulse width modulated display and a method of distributing image data across a series of different image modulation segments to minimize flicker and gray scale errors. The method includes means for reducing lateral field effects between adjacent pixels in different data states.

Abstract: An antenna module embeds front end circuitry with an antenna. Adaptive matching circuitry external to the antenna module is electrically connected between the embedded front end circuitry and the embedded antenna.

Abstract: A method of organizing and ordering pulse width modulation image data is disclosed, so that it may be displayed on the pixels of a scrolling color display. The method includes a method of formatting received image data into a different form suitable for driving a pulse width modulated display and a method of distributing image data across a series of different image modulation segments to minimize flicker and gray scale errors. The method includes means for reducing lateral field effects between adjacent pixels in different data states.

Abstract: A display device and modulation scheme for applying image data to an imager is disclosed. The display may use a modulation scheme wherein spacing of row write actions on the rows creates gray scale modulation, wherein one row spacing between sequential row write actions is at a first distance while another row spacing between sequential row write actions is at a distance greater than said first distance. The modulation scheme may create a series of write pointers that create a corresponding series of write planes. In some embodiments, modulation efficiency is increased allowing the use of lower frequency imaging circuits to achieve the same display image.

Abstract: A display system which includes a display controller, a display unit, and a light source is disclosed. The display controller includes a processor unit, a memory device, a voltage source and, optionally, a light source control unit. The display unit includes an array of pixel cells and circuitry to receive logic and control voltages and data and operate the display, a transparent counter electrode, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the two alignment layers. The pixel cell includes a storage element, a DC balance control switch, a pixel voltage override circuit, an inverter able to select between two voltages available to it, and a pixel electrode/mirror. In different modes of operation the pixel mirror voltage may be determined by the storage element or by the pixel voltage override circuit. The display system may display images in one period and reset to a fixed state in another period.

Abstract: A display device and modulation scheme for applying image data to an imager. The display may use a modulation scheme wherein spacing of row write actions on the rows creates gray scale modulation, wherein one row spacing between sequential row write actions is at a first distance while another row spacing between sequential row write actions is at a distance greater than said first distance. The modulation scheme may create a series of write pointers that create a corresponding series of write planes. In some embodiments, modulation efficiency is increased allowing the use of lower frequency imaging circuits to achieve the same display image.

Abstract: A display system which includes a display controller, a display unit, and a light source is disclosed. The display controller includes a processor unit, a memory device, a voltage source and, optionally, a light source control unit. The display unit includes an array of pixel cells and circuitry to receive logic and control voltages and data and operate the display, a transparent counter electrode, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the two alignment layers. The pixel cell includes a storage element, a DC balance control switch, a pixel voltage override circuit, an inverter able to select between two voltages available to it, and a pixel electrode/mirror. In different modes of operation the pixel mirror voltage may be determined by the storage element or by the pixel voltage override circuit. The display system may display images in one period and reset to a fixed state in another period.

Abstract: A projection system for alternately outputting different polarized image light sources includes a polarizing beam splitting module, an image display module and a light polarization switch module. The polarizing beam splitting module has at least one polarizing beam splitting element for intermittently receiving a plurality of input light sources according to different time sequences. The image display module has at least one reflective image display panel disposed beside a first side of the polarizing beam splitting element. The light polarization switch module has at least one transmission LCD light valve disposed beside a second side of the polarizing beam splitting element. Therefore, the image light sources with P polarization and the image light sources with S polarization can be intermittently and alternatively projected from the projection lens onto the surface of the object by switching the transmission LCD light valve to ON/OFF state according to different time sequences.

Abstract: A simplified pixel display includes a plurality of pixel electrodes, a plurality of storage elements, a single arbitrary voltage supply terminal, a second voltage supply terminal which may be either of the rail voltages of the display, a common electrode, and a plurality of externally controlled switches each selectively coupling an associated one of the pixel electrodes with one of the arbitrary voltage supply terminal and the second voltage supply terminal responsive to a value of a data bit stored in an associated one of said storage elements and to the state of the external control signal supplied to the switch.

Abstract: A projection system for simultaneously outputting image light source with different polarizations includes a polarizing beam splitting module, an image display module and an image projecting module. The polarizing beam splitting module has a first polarizing beam splitting element for receiving light source, a second polarizing beam splitting element, a third polarizing beam splitting element and a fourth polarizing beam splitting element. The image display module has a first reflective image display panel disposed beside the second polarizing beam splitting element and a second reflective image display panel disposed beside the third polarizing beam splitting element. The image projecting module has at least one projection lens disposed beside the fourth polarizing beam splitting element.