Abstract: Methods of manufacturing a valve bag are disclosed. First and second webs of valve material, such as heat sealable plastic film, are combined to create a combined web of valve material, and a sealing process is applied thereto to define valve portions. The combined web of valve material includes a plurality of valve strip portions, each including a valve portion. Then first and second bag sections, which may be on a first and second side respectively of a web of folded bag material, or on a first web and second web of bag material respectively, are dispensed with the combined web of valve material positioned in between, and brought together to form a combined web of valve bag material. A sealing process is applied to the combined web of valve bag material, forming a valve bag section. The bag section is then separated from the remainder of the combined web of valve bag material to form an individual valve bag.

Abstract: A method of forming a valve bag suitable for filling with, for example, powder, grain, cement, animal foodstuffs, via a chute tube inserted into the valve, including forming a combined web from two webs of material, including steps of forming the combined web into a plurality of bag sections, sealing the bag sections at one side such that a valve portion is defined, separating the two webs and moving them outwardly until the bag sections are turned inside, and sealing the two webs to form a valve bag having an strong, effective seal and a valve portion for filling.

Abstract: Means are disclosed for facilitating a transaction whereby a series of one or more questions are encoded and preferably encrypted, for example as a graphical pattern such as a 2-dimensional barcode, and wherein the questions are utilised for the purposes of confirming details pertinent to a transaction, such as a purchase from a shop or over the internet or a transfer of monies between personal bank accounts or a granting of permission of access or use or transfer of responsibility and so on, by displaying said questions on a personal portable device such as a mobile telephone for example. Answers given to said questions may then be used to form the basis for the transaction by defining for example articles or services being purchased or amounts of monies being transferred as well as details such as the accounts involved in the transaction and the desired timing details and so on.

Abstract: Means are disclosed for facilitating transactions by confirming the timing of a transaction via the expedient of optically scanning a display that displays pattern encoded timing information in such a way that it can be scanned optically by for example a personal portable device such as a mobile phone equipped with a camera input device and wherein said information can be utilized for the purposes of confirming the timing of a transaction by dint of the fact that the displayed time was “captured” at the instant of the transaction being made and at the location of the display but wherein the actual process of affecting the transaction may be delayed to a later point in time and possibly at another location.

Abstract: Methods of manufacturing a valve bag are disclosed. First and second webs of valve material, such as heat sealable plastic film, are combined to create a combined web of valve material, and a sealing process is applied thereto to define valve portions. The combined web of valve material includes a plurality of valve strip portions, each including a valve portion. Then first and second bag sections, which may be on a first and second side respectively of a web of folded bag material, or on a first web and second web of bag material respectively, are dispensed with the combined web of valve material positioned in between, and brought together to form a combined web of valve bag material. A sealing process is applied to the combined web of valve bag material, forming a valve bag section. The bag section is then separated from the remainder of the combined web of valve bag material to form an individual valve bag.

Abstract: A means for presenting variable information contained within a variable pattern displayed on a device with a graphical display capability, such as a liquid crystal display for example, is disclosed wherein the device presents the information by generating graphical patterns that contain information, such as a two-dimensional barcode for example. The information presented by the display can then be transferred to another device such as a mobile phone for example, by optical scanning of the pattern presented by the graphical display device.

Abstract: A method of forming a valve bag suitable for filling with, for example, powder, grain, cement, animal foodstuffs, via a chute tube inserted into the valve, including forming a combined web from two webs of material, including steps of forming the combined web into a plurality of bag sections, sealing the bag sections at one side such that a valve portion is defined, separating the two webs and moving them outwardly until the bag sections are turned inside, and sealing the two webs to form a valve bag having an strong, effective seal and a valve portion for filling.