Abstract: A process and apparatus are provided for pressing fibrous, particulate or laminar materials to provide laminated products of low to medium density. The system is characterized by the use of lightweight pressing plates which have horizontal and vertical permeability, by the sealing of the press to provide a closed environment, and by heating substantially entirely by the use of a fluid heat carrier which heats the materials by convection.
Abstract: Composite products are formed, such as of lignocellulosic particles, by bonding through the transformation of added sugars and/or starches together with lignin and/or other phenolic containing materials, with the optional presence of added catalyst, the transformation causing the composition to convert into a furan-lignin type binder in situ by heat and pressure. The bonding composition is suitably activated by contact with live steam.
Abstract: Solid lignocellulosic material is bonded together by heating and pressing at a natural wood, pH by reacting sugars, starches or both in the presence of a catalyst capable of catalyzing transformation of the sugars and starches into a solid, insoluble in water, and an alkaline buffering agent if needed, for example to make waterproof plywood or composite products from particulate wood without hydrolytic degradation of the wood.
Abstract: Solid lignocellulosic material is bonded together by heating and pressing with a bonding composition comprising at least one carbohydrate and an acid capable of catalysing hydrolysis of the carbohydrate, for example to make plywood or particle board.
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