Abstract: A three-way catalyst article, and its use in an exhaust system for internal combustion engines, is disclosed. The catalyst article for treating exhaust gas comprising: a substrate; and a first catalytic region on the substrate; wherein the first catalytic region comprises a first platinum group metal (PGM) component and a first inorganic oxide, wherein the first PGM component comprises PGM nanoparticles, wherein the PGM nanoparticles have no more than 100 PGM atoms, and wherein the PGM nanoparticles have a mean particle size of 1 nm to 10 nm with a standard deviation (SD) no more than 1 nm.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the preparation of a compound of formula (2): the process comprising reacting a compound of formula (1), a base and an alkylating agent R4—X in a nitrile-containing polar aprotic solvent to form the compound of formula (2), wherein the process is carried out at a temperature greater than 60° C.; and wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, and X are as defined in the specification.

Abstract: Disclosed are a three-way catalyst product, and the use thereof in an exhaust system for an internal combustion engine. The catalyst product for exhaust gas treatment contains a carrier comprising an inlet end and an outlet end and having an axial length L; a first catalytic region starting from the inlet end and extending by a length less than the axial length L, wherein the first catalytic region contains a first palladium component; a second catalytic region starting from the outlet end and extending by a length less than the axial length L, wherein the second catalytic region contains a second palladium component; and a third catalytic region starting from the outlet end and extending by a length less than the axial length L, wherein the third catalytic region contains a third rhodium component, and the third catalytic region is stacked on the second catalytic region.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a conductive paste for forming a conductive track or coating on a substrate, particularly suitable for use in solar cells. The paste comprises a solids portion dispersed in an organic medium, the solids portion comprising electrically conductive material and an inorganic particle mixture wherein the inorganic particle mixture comprises substantially crystalline particles. The present invention also relates to a method of preparing a conductive paste, a method for the manufacture of a surface electrode of a solar cell, an electrode for a solar cell and a solar cell.

Abstract: The present invention provides a palladium(II) complex of formula (1) or a palladium(II) complex of formula (2). R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R18, R19, R20, R21, R22, R23 and R24, m, E and X are described in the specification. The invention also provides a process for the preparation of the complexes, and their use in carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom coupling reactions.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for the preparation of ligands for complexes, methods for preparing complexes and complexes having those ligands. Also provided is the use of a complex as a catalyst in a method of synthesis.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a scanning method and apparatus suitable for scanning a pipeline or process vessel in which a beam of gamma radiation from a source is emitted through the vessel to be detected by an array of detectors which are each collimated to detect radiation over a narrow angle relative to the width of the emitted radiation beam.

Abstract: An oxidation catalyst is described for treating an exhaust gas from a diesel engine, which oxidation catalyst comprises: a substrate; a first washcoat region disposed on the substrate, wherein the first washcoat region comprises a first platinum group metal (PGM) and a first support material; a second washcoat region adjacent to the first washcoat region, wherein the second washcoat region comprises a second platinum group metal (PGM) and a second support material; a third washcoat region disposed on the substrate, wherein the third washcoat region comprises a third platinum group metal (PGM) and a third support material; and wherein either: (i) the third washcoat region is adjacent to the second washcoat region; or (ii) the second washcoat region is disposed or supported on the third washcoat region. Also described are uses and methods involving the oxidation catalyst.

Abstract: Provided are a novel synthesis technique for producing pure phase aluminosilicate zeolite and a catalyst comprising the phase pure zeolite in combination with a metal, and methods of using the same.

Abstract: A composite material comprises a macroporous silicate-based material at least partially substituted with at least one microporous zeolite, wherein the microporous zeolite is functionalised with either copper, iron or both copper and iron, and wherein the composite material is in the form of particles. The composite material can be obtained using a method comprising the steps of: (i) providing a mixture comprising a silicate-containing scaffold having a macroporous structure, an aluminium source and an organic template; (ii) hydrothermally treating the mixture to form a microporous zeolite-containing structure substantially retaining the macroporous structure of the silicate-containing scaffold; (iii) incorporating copper, iron or both copper and iron into the zeolite. The silicate-containing scaffold can be a diatomaceous earth.

Abstract: In a method for removing methane from feed gas having a methane concentration of 2 mole % or less, the feed gas is optionally mixed with make-up methane or air and passed through a heat exchanger to heat the gas to an oxidation reactor inlet temperature T1. The heated stream is passed to the reactor where the methane is oxidised. A gas stream including the products of the oxidation reaction are removed with the gas stream being at a reactor outlet temperature T2 higher than the inlet temperature T1. The gas stream is then passed through the heat exchanger against the reactor stream to recover heat from the gas stream removed in the reactor and to heat the reactor stream. The outlet temperature T2 is measured and the inlet temperature T1 is controlled by adjusting the relative amount of make-up methane and/or air added to the feed gas.

Abstract: A catalyst article including a substrate with an inlet end and an outlet end, a first zone and a second zone, where the first zone comprises: a) an ammonia slip catalyst (ASC) bottom layer comprising a platinum group metal on a support; and b) an SCR layer comprising a second SCR catalyst, the SCR layer located over the ASC bottom layer; where the second zone comprises a catalyst (“second zone catalyst”) selected from the group consisting of a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) and a diesel exotherm catalyst (DEC); wherein the ASC bottom layer extends into the second zone; and where the first zone is located upstream of the second zone. The ASC bottom layer may include a blend of: (1) the platinum group metal on a support and (2) a first SCR catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method that includes use of a catalyst in a method of reducing a substrate, the method including contacting a substrate with a catalyst, optionally in the presence of a co-substrate, thereby to generate a reduced substrate. The catalyst is a polypeptide including an amino acid sequence having at least 70% identity to SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 7 or SEQ ID NO: 9. In the method the substrate concentration is at least 50 mM.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a conductive paste for forming a conductive track on a substrate, the paste comprising a solids portion dispersed in an organic medium, the solids portion comprising an electrically conductive material, particles of a glass fit and particles of a tellurium compound. The invention further relates to methods for preparing such a paste, to a method of manufacturing an electrode on a surface of a solar cell, and to a solar cell having an electrode formed thereon.

Abstract: An exhaust system for a diesel engine comprises an oxidation catalyst for treating an exhaust gas from the diesel engine and an emissions control device, wherein the oxidation catalyst comprises: a first washcoat zone for oxidizing carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HCs), wherein the first washcoat zone comprises a first platinum group metal (PGM), which is a combination of platinum and palladium, a first support material and a hydrocarbon adsorbent material, which is a zeolite, and wherein the first washcoat zone does not comprise rhodium and is substantially free of manganese or an oxide thereof; a second washcoat zone for oxidizing nitric oxide (NO), wherein the second washcoat zone comprises platinum (Pt) and manganese (Mn) disposed or supported on a second support material, wherein the second support material comprises a refractory metal oxide, wherein the refractory metal oxide is silica-alumina or an alumina doped with silica in a total amount of 0.

Abstract: An installation tool for installing reactor components into a reactor is disclosed. The tool comprises a housing having a first end and a second end opposite the first end; a releasable attachment assembly for securing a reactor component support to the tool, the attachment assembly being pivotably inside the housing; a gas supply hose connected to the first end of the housing; and a gas outlet at the second end of the housing in fluid communication with the gas supply hose. The gas outlet is configured to provide gas to expand a reactor component secured by the releasable attachment assembly. A control line for the releasable attachment assembly runs inside the gas supply hose.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a method of coating a filter substrate comprising a plurality of channels and an apparatus therefor. The method comprises the steps of introducing a pre-determined amount of a liquid into a containment means at an upper end of the filter substrate; and, coating the channels having open ends at the upper end of the filter substrate with the liquid from the containment means.

Abstract: An electrochemically active material is represented by general formula (I): SiuSnvM1wM2x[P0.2O0.8]y·Az(I) where u, v, w, x, y, and z represent atomic % values and u+v+w+x+y+z=100, M1 includes a metal element or combinations of metal elements selected from Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zr, B, carbon, or alloys thereof, M2 includes a metal element or combinations of metal elements selected from Mg, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Zr, or alloys thereof, A is an inactive phase other than a phosphate or silicide, and 0<u<90, 0?v<20, 0<w<50, 0<x<20, 0<y<20, and 0?z<50.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method of marking a hydrocarbon liquid comprising the step of adding to said liquid, as a tracer compound, a compound of Formula I or Formula II: wherein at least one of R1-R6 in Formula I and at least one of R7-R14 in Formula II is selected from: i. a bromine or fluorine atom; ii. a partially or fully halogenated alkyl group; iii. a branched or cyclic C4-C20 alkyl group; iv. an aliphatic substituent linking two positions selected from R1-R6 in Formula I to one another or two positions selected from R7-R14 in Formula II to one another; or v. a phenyl group substituted with a halogen atom, an aliphatic group or halogenated aliphatic group and none of R1-R6 in Formula I and none of R7-R14 in Formula II being a sulphonate group or COOR15, where R15 represents H, C1-C20 alkyl, C2-C20 alkenyl, C2-C20 alkynyl, C3-C15 cycloalkyl or aryl.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the preparation of a complex of formula (I): comprising the step of reacting Pd(diolefin)X2 or PdX2 and PR1R2R3 in a solvent to form the complex of formula (I), wherein the process is carried out in the absence of a base, the molar ratio of Pd(diolefin)X2:PR1R2R3 or PdX2:PR1R2R3 is greater than 1:1.1, up to about 1:2.5; each X is independently a halide; and R1, R2 and R3 are independently selected from the group consisting of tert-butyl and isopropyl.