Abstract: A value transfer system which allows value to be transferred between electronic purses comprises computer which controls the loading of purses with value and the redemption of value from purses, a special bulk purse or purses and a value meter securely linked thereto which registers the total net value issued to the bulk purse or purses. Draw-down of value and redemption of value transactions are effected with the bulk purses.
Abstract: A plurality of electronic purses communicate with each other to transfer values in transactions off-line from a main computer. A transfer message protocol of a transaction between electronic purses includes a commitment message to constitute a proof of posting. This allows interruption of a transaction before the value message itself is set. Escrow type payments and batch processing are facilitated.