Abstract: The aspects of the disclosed embodiments relates to methods for optimization of the sliding properties of urinary catheters. The urinary catheters are first treated with a non-equilibrium gaseous plasma sustained in reactive gases or a mixture of a reactive gas with a noble gas. The first treatment enables a hydrophilic surface finish when oxygen is a reactive gas and an almost super-hydrophilic finish when the catheter is treated with hydrogen plasma followed by oxygen plasma. The hydrophilicity of the surface finish obtained upon the first plasma treatment is beneficial for adhering a layer of water solution of chitosan, which spreads uniformly on the entire outer surface of the catheter. The catheter with a layer of water solution of chitosan is dried and then treated with plasma containing an oxidative gas for better absorption of water by the dried chitosan film.

Abstract: An energy-efficient disinfection or sterilisation of contaminated liquid, such as water contaminated with viruses or microbes includes an asymmetric configuration of a cavitation nozzle made from dielectric material that enables the formation of a single, stable cavitation bubble of a large volume. A low-pressure gaseous plasma is continuously formed inside the cavitation bubble by electrodes to prevent contact of the metallic electrode with liquid water and Ohmic heating of the contaminated water. The electrodes are connected to a high voltage power supply. The power supply enables formation of a continuous stable gaseous discharge inside the cavitation bubble and radicals and radiation useful for destruction of viruses to the levels below the current US EPA standard in few minutes, while the temperature of liquid water remains practically unchanged. Use is not only for hospitals and pharmaceutical companies but the food industry and agriculture as well.

Abstract: The invention describes a memory device which combines a switchable resistive element and a superconductor element electrically in parallel. The switchable resistive element comprises an active material, which is switchable between first and second values of electrical resistivity ?1 and ?2 at the same temperature, wherein ?1 is different to ?2. The superconductor element is operable so that at least part of the superconductor element is switchable from a superconducting state to a non-superconducting state. When the superconductor element is switched from the superconducting state to the non-superconducting state, a current injection is provided through the switchable resistive element capable of switching the switchable resistive element between said first and second values of electrical resistivity.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for depositing carbon nanostructures such as three-dimensional graphene mesh using non-equilibrium gaseous plasma of high power density. Methods are disclosed for rapid deposition of randomly distributed graphene sheets on surfaces of substrates using decomposition of CO molecules of a high potential energy, and said excited CO molecules interacting with a substrate. The three-dimensional graphene mesh prepared according to the methods are useful in different applications such as light absorbents, fuel cells, super-capacitors, batteries, photovoltaic devices and sensors of specific gaseous molecules.

Abstract: Methods for modification of surface wettability of fluorine-containing polymers by sequential treatments first with gaseous plasma rich in ultraviolet radiation, and then oxidation using neutral reactive oxidative species. The methods are rapid and permit treatment of fluorine-containing polymers of any shape and size including ‘infinite’ materials such as foils. A surface layer of an object made from a fluorine-containing polymer is depleted of fluorine upon interaction with gaseous plasma rich in ultraviolet radiation. The depleted surface layer is then exposed to reactive oxygen species such as neutral oxygen atoms in the ground state. The wettability of objects made from or containing fluorine-containing polymers treated according to the methods of the present disclosure is close to the theoretical limit for smooth polymers well functionalized with polar functional groups.

Abstract: An energy-efficient disinfection or sterilisation of contaminated liquid, such as water contaminated with viruses or microbes includes an asymmetric configuration of a cavitation nozzle made from dielectric material that enables the formation of a single, stable cavitation bubble of a large volume. A low-pressure gaseous plasma is continuously formed inside the cavitation bubble by electrodes to prevent contact of the metallic electrode with liquid water and Ohmic heating of the contaminated water. The electrodes are connected to a high voltage power supply. The power supply enables formation of a continuous stable gaseous discharge inside the cavitation bubble and radicals and radiation useful for destruction of viruses to the levels below the current US EPA standard in few minutes, while the temperature of liquid water remains practically unchanged. Use is not only for hospitals and pharmaceutical companies but the food industry and agriculture as well.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods for depositing vertically oriented carbon nanowalls (CNWs) using non-equilibrium gases such as gaseous plasma. Methods are disclosed for rapid deposition of uniformly distributed nanowalls on large surfaces of substrates using ablation of bulk carbon materials by reactive gaseous species, formation of oxidized carbon-containing gaseous molecules, ionization of said molecules and interacting said molecules, neutral or positively charged, with a substrate. The CNWs prepared are useful in different applications such as fuel cells, lithium ion batteries, photovoltaic devices and sensors of specific gaseous molecules.

Abstract: A method for topographically controlled aggregation, wherein cells of the same type or different type, such as different strains of bacterial cells, are layered in a way that controls the size, structure and number of aggregates as well as the potential spatial distribution of the different species of cells within the aggregates. The method includes a step of surface modifying cells with a polyelectrolyte.

Abstract: Methods for modification of surface wettability of fluorine-containing polymers by sequential treatments first with gaseous plasma rich in ultraviolet radiation, and then oxidation using neutral reactive oxidative species. The methods are rapid and permit treatment of fluorine-containing polymers of any shape and size including ‘infinite’ materials such as foils. A surface layer of an object made from a fluorine-containing polymer is depleted of fluorine upon interaction with gaseous plasma rich in ultraviolet radiation. The depleted surface layer is then exposed to reactive oxygen species such as neutral oxygen atoms in the ground state. The wettability of objects made from or containing fluorine-containing polymers treated according to the methods of the present disclosure is close to the theoretical limit for smooth polymers well functionalized with polar functional groups.

Abstract: A handheld device for the location and identification of a radiation source, including: a radiation transparent housing; a radiation locator device disposed within the radiation transparent housing operable for determining the location of the radiation source, wherein the radiation locator device includes a plurality of gamma detection crystals arranged in a geometric pattern and separated by a gamma shielding material, a plurality of detectors coupled to the plurality of gamma detection crystals, and a processor module coupled to the plurality of detectors; one or more of a neutron detection crystal and a gamma spectroscopy crystal disposed within the radiation transparent housing adjacent to the radiation locator device; and one or more detectors coupled to the one or more of the neutron detection crystal and the gamma spectroscopy crystal and the processor module; wherein the one or more of the neutron detection crystal and the gamma spectroscopy crystal, the one or more detectors, and the processor module

Abstract: The object of the present invention is low-dimensional, primarily 2D folded structures of organic and/or inorganic substances and/or their agglomerates, which have folds and faces of irregular shape and exhibit high local electric field strength generated by surface charges on the said folds, faces and edges, and use thereof: as sorbents of organic particles (molecules, bacteria, viruses, proteins, antigens, endotoxins) and inorganic particles (metal ions, colloids); as an agent with wound healing and antibacterial activity; as an agent for tumor cell growth inhibition.

Abstract: A device for sensing, locating, and characterizing a radiation emitting source, including: a detection crystal having dimensions great enough such that regional differences in radiation response are generated in the detection crystal by radiation impinging on one or more surfaces of the detection crystal; and a plurality of detectors one or more of coupled to and disposed on a plurality of surfaces of the detection crystal operable for detecting the regional differences in radiation response generated in the detection crystal by the radiation impinging on the one or more surfaces of the detection crystal.

Abstract: A radiation area monitor device/method, utilizing: a radiation sensor having a directional radiation sensing capability; a rotation mechanism operable for selectively rotating the radiation sensor such that the directional radiation sensing capability selectively sweeps an area of interest; and a processor operable for analyzing and storing a radiation fingerprint acquired by the radiation sensor as the directional radiation sensing capability selectively sweeps the area of interest. Optionally, the radiation sensor includes a gamma and/or neutron radiation sensor. The device/method selectively operates in: a first supervised mode during which a baseline radiation fingerprint is acquired by the radiation sensor; and a second unsupervised mode during which a subsequent radiation fingerprint is acquired by the radiation sensor, wherein the subsequent radiation fingerprint is compared to the baseline radiation fingerprint and, if a predetermined difference threshold is exceeded, an alert is issued.

Abstract: A radiation area monitor device/method, utilizing: a radiation sensor; a rotating radiation shield disposed about the radiation sensor, wherein the rotating radiation shield defines one or more ports that are transparent to radiation; and a processor operable for analyzing and storing a radiation fingerprint acquired by the radiation sensor as the rotating radiation shield is rotated about the radiation sensor. Optionally, the radiation sensor includes a gamma and/or neutron radiation sensor.

Abstract: High performance thin-film, transistors are entirely processed at temperatures not exceeding 150° C., using amorphous multi component dielectrics based on the mixture of high band gap and high dielectric constant (K) materials. The sputtered or ink jet printed mixed dielectric materials such as Ta2O5 with SiO2 or Al2O3 or HfO2 with SiO2 or Al2O3 are used. These multicomponent dielectrics allow producing amorphous dielectrics to be introduced in high stable electronic devices with low leakage currents, while preserving a high dielectric constant. This results in producing thin film transistors with remarkable electrical properties, such as the ones produced based on Ga—In—Zn oxide as channel layers and where the dielectric was the combination of the mixture Ta2O5:SiO2, exhibiting field-effect mobility exceeding 35 cm2 V?1 s?1, close to 0 V turn-on voltage, on/off ratio higher than 106 and subthreshold slope below 0.24 V dec?1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for producing oxide ferrimagnetics with spinel structure and iron oxide nanoparticles by soft mechanochemical synthesis using inorganic salt hydrates, oxide ferrimagnetics with spinel structure and iron oxide nanoparticles of ultra-small size and high specific surface area obtainable by the methods, biocompatible aqueous colloidal systems comprising oxide ferrimagnetics with spinel structure and iron oxide nanoparticles, carriers comprising oxide ferrimagnetics with spinel structure and iron oxide nanoparticles, and uses thereof in medicine.

Abstract: It is describes a material in the form of lithium fluoride powder containing color centers and the method for its preparation, by the formation of color centers based on irradiating the powder with synchrotron radiation (light). The method involves mechanically reducing the size of the particles that form the LiF powder and the formation of color centers therein by its exposure to synchrotron radiation. The so activated powder, which maintains the transparency characteristics of the original material if exposed to sunlight, can find wide use as an additive both in common printing inks and in pigments used in the artistic field to be used for the formation of marks on artifacts for anti-counterfeiting/identification purposes.

Abstract: High performance thin-film, transistors are entirely processed at temperatures not exceeding 150° C., using amorphous multi component dielectrics based on the mixture of high band gap and high dielectric constant (K) materials. The sputtered or ink jet printed mixed dielectric materials such as Ta2O5 with SiO2 or Al2O3 or HfO2 with SiO2 or Al2O3 are used. These multicomponent dielectrics allow producing amorphous dielectrics to be introduced in high stable electronic devices with low leakage currents, while preserving a high dielectric constant. This results in producing thin film transistors with remarkable electrical properties, such as the ones produced based on Ga—In—Zn oxide as channel layers and where the dielectric was the combination of the mixture Ta2O5:SiO2, exhibiting field-effect mobility exceeding 35 cm2 V?1 s?1, close to 0 V turn-on voltage, on/off ratio higher than 106 and subthreshold slope below 0.24 V dec?1.

Abstract: The present Invention relates a quasi-one-dimensional material with sub-micron cross-section described by the formula M6CyHz, where the M=transition metal, C=chalcogen, H=halogen, and where y and z are integers such that 8.2<y+z<10, which materials are synthesized in a Single-step procedure at temperatures above 1000° C. The present invention also concerns the use of these materials in electronic, chemical, optical or mechanical applications.