Abstract: In a passive liquid crystal display, frames or fields are displayed for different time periods to achieve gray scale. The voltage pulses applied to the column electrodes have substantially constant values during row scanning periods or field scanning periods to reduce power consumption. The lines of the display may be divided into odd and even fields in an interlaced configuration to suppress flicker and to further reduce power consumption by reducing frame rate.

Abstract: A capacitor divider comprising a plurality of capacitors is used for driving liquid crystal displays. The use of capacitor dividers reduces power consumption, which would be desirable for portable devices. Power consumption is reduced in some embodiments where no static current would flow in the divider.

Abstract: Two separate power supplies are employed to generate electrical potentials for driving row and column electrodes of LCDs. One or more energy storage devices are preferably used together with the two power supplies for generating such potentials. In the first phase, the energy storage devices are charged and in the second phase, such devices and the power supplies are employed to generate the appropriate potentials for driving the row and column electrodes. Such schemes permit the column electrodes to be driven through a voltage range much smaller than the convention IAPT driving schemes and vastly reduces the power consumption by the driver. The total voltage dynamic range experienced by the driver circuit is comparable to the IAPT driving scheme.

Abstract: Two separate power supplies are employed to generate electrical potentials for driving row and column electrodes of LCDs. One or more energy storage devices are preferably used together with the two power supplies for generating such potentials. In the first phase, the energy storage devices are charged and in the second phase, such devices and the power supplies are employed to generate the appropriate potentials for driving the row and column electrodes. Such schemes permit the column electrodes to be driven through a voltage range much smaller than the convention IAPT driving schemes and vastly reduces the power consumption by the driver. The total voltage dynamic range experienced by the driver circuit is comparable to the IAPT driving scheme.

Abstract: An image sensor includes an imaging region having a 1.25 or 1.5 transistor per pixel ratio. The 1.5 transistor/pixel imaging region includes two pairs of pixels, the first pair arranged in parallel and the second pair arranged in an offset arrangement. The pixels share a read out and reset transistor. The 1.25 transistor/pixel imaging region includes 2 blocks of 4 pixels arranged in parallel that share a read out and reset transistor.