Abstract: The present application relates to the field of yeast and, specifically, to the identification of yeast alleles that are involved in maximal alcohol accumulation and/or in tolerance to high alcohol levels. Preferably, the alcohol is ethanol. The identified alleles can be combined or stacked with each other to construe and/or select high alcohol tolerant yeasts, most notably Saccharomyces species.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a one-step liquid biphasic catalytic process for converting a carbohydrate-containing feedstock, preferably lignocellulose, to light naphtha (e.g., hexane, pentane, methyl cyclopentane, cyclohexane, etc.) in the presence of an acidic reactive aqueous phase and a redox catalyst in the organic extracting/reaction phase. The process provides a cost-effective route for producing light-naphtha components, in presence or not of deoxygenates. The light naphtha components are useful as feedstock for steam and catalytic cracking to produce value-added platform molecules like ethylene and propylene, as precursor for the synthesis of bioaromatics like benzene and as gasoline fuel feedstock, and as fuel additives (e.g., the concomitantly formed oxygenates) to improve the biological origin of carbon in the fuel.

Abstract: The present application relates to the field of yeast and, specifically, to the identification of yeast alleles that are involved in maximal alcohol accumulation and/or in tolerance to high alcohol levels. The alcohol may be, e.g., ethanol. The identified alleles can be combined or stacked with each other to construe and/or select high alcohol tolerant yeasts, most notably Saccharomyces species.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for the preparation of substituted threonolactone and substituted threose compounds which are intermediates in the synthesis of phosphonate nucleosides being useful antiviral agents.

Abstract: A compound for use in the treatment or prophylaxis of viral infections such, for example as chicken pox or shingles caused by the Varicella Zoster virus, said compound having the general formula (II): wherein X is O, S, NH or CH2, Y is O, S or NH, Z is O, S or CH2, R1 is C1-6 alkyl, preferably n-alkyl, e.g., n-pentyl or n-hexyl, and one of R2 and R3 is OH, and the other of R3 and R2 is a neutral, non-polar amino acid moiety, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof. Said neutral, non-polar amino acid moiety R2 or R3 may be (IV): in which R4, R5, R6 and R7 are each independently H or C1-2 alkyl. In preferred embodiments, one of R2 or R3 is valine, leucine, isoleucine or alanine, particularly valine.

Abstract: The invention is directed to processes of preparing phosphonate nucleosides comprising a phosphonalkoxy-substituted five-membered, saturated or unsaturated, oxygen-containing ring coupled to a heterocyclic nucleobase such as a pyrimidine or purine base.

Abstract: Pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine or pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine compounds having the general formula (A), wherein the dashed lines, X, Y and R1 through R5 are as defined in the specification. The compounds are useful in the prophylaxis or treatment of viral infections.

Abstract: This invention relates to a purine or pyrimidine phosphonate compound of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein B, X, and R1-R3 are as defined in classes and subclasses herein. These compounds may be used as antiviral precursors. The invention also relates to therapeutic compositions of these compounds and their use for the preparation of a medication for testing and/or preventing a viral infection in a patient. The invention also provides methods for making these compounds. In particular, the invention provides an H-phosphinate precursor intermediate of formula (II) wherein B is a purine or pyrimidine base as defined herein and R1 is selected from the group comprising a hydrogen atom, and a methyl, ethyl, hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl and C1-6haloalkyl group.

Abstract: A compound for use in the treatment or prophylaxis of viral infections such, for example as chicken pox or shingles caused by the Varicella Zoster virus, said compound having the general formula (II): wherein X is O, S, NH or CH2, Y is O, S or NH, Z is O, S or CH2, R1 is C1-6 alkyl, preferably n-alkyl, e.g., n-pentyl or n-hexyl, and one of R2 and R3 is OH, and the other of R3 and R2 is a neutral, non-polar amino acid moiety, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof. Said neutral, non-polar amino acid moiety R2 or R3 may be (IV): in which R4, R5, R6 and R7 are each independently H or C1-2 alkyl. In preferred embodiments, one of R2 or R3 is valine, leucine, isoleucine or alanine, particularly valine.

Abstract: The invention is directed to processes of preparing phosphonate nucleosides comprising a phosphonalkoxy-substituted five-membered, saturated or unsaturated, oxygen-containing ring coupled to a heterocyclic nucleobase such as a pyrimidine or purine base.

Abstract: A half closed thermoplastic folded honeycomb structure is described which is produced from a continuous web of material by plastic deformation perpendicular to the plane of the material to thereby form half-hexagonal cell walls and small connecting areas. By folding in the direction of conveyance the cell walls meet to thereby form the honeycomb structure.

Abstract: The invention provides a controlled release delivery system comprising a bio-active compound and a matrix carrier, wherein said matrix carrier is an amorphous microporous non-fibrous silicon or titanium oxide being loaded with said bio-active compound and wherein the micropores of said matrix carrier have a mean size in the range of 0.4 to 2.0 nm.

Abstract: The present invention relates to imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine compounds and pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment or prevention of viral infections, wherein the imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine compounds have the formula:

Abstract: Pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine or pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine compounds having the general formula (A), wherein the dashed lines, X, Y and R1 through R5 are as defined in the specification. The compounds are useful in the prophylaxis or treatment of viral infections.

Abstract: A method for operating on images is described for interest point detection and/or description working under different scales and with different rotations, e.g. for scale-invariant and rotation-invariant interest point detection and/or description.

Abstract: Compounds having the general formula (I): are provided which have enhanced inhibitory potency and are thus useful in methods of prophylaxis or treatment of a viral infection such as hepatitis C virus. The compounds are phosphoramidate derivatives of nucleoside compounds derived from bases such as adenine and guanine. The glycoside moiety of the nucleoside compound can be substituted at the ss-2? position with methyl and the phosphoramidate group can be 1-naphthyl linked by —O— to the P atom. These compounds can be administered as pharmaceutical compositions, and methods for their preparation are also provided.

Abstract: A crystalline compound of formula (1) and its salts and solvates are provided for the treatment or prophylaxis of hepatitis C virus infections Methods of making and formulating crystalline compound (1) are provided.

Abstract: A compound of formula (1) and its salts and solvates are provided for the treatment or prophylaxis of hepatitis C virus infections. Methods of making and formulating compound (1) are provided.

Abstract: The invention is directed to phosphonate nucleosides comprising a phosphonalkoxy-substituted five-membered, saturated or unsaturated, oxygen-containing ring coupled to a heterocyclic nucleobase such as a pyrimidine or purine base, as well as pharmaceutical compositions thereof. These compounds, which can be described by general formula (II), are useful for the treatment of retroviral infection, e.g., HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infection in a mammal. The invention also features synthetic intermediates for the preparation of phosphonate nucleosides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an episomal structure expressing a functional oncogene, whereby said oncogene is a fusion gene of two chromosomal gene fragments. More specifically, the invention relates to a NUP214-ABL1 fusion product, important in the development of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, to methods to detect the fusion and to methods to prevent the oncogenic activity of said fusion product.