Abstract: A number of blood samples collected in sample vessels are allowed to stand by as whole blood or blood cell layer, the sample vessels are sent into sampling part in order, the blood sample suctioned from the sampling nozzle is diluted by mixing with hemolyzing liquid containing labile HbA.sub.1c removing reagent, a part of the mixture is led to a sample-loop of sample injection valve and injected into the column of high pressure liquid chromatograph at a specified time after mixing start, hemoglobin fractions are measured in the state of removal or lowering of labile HbA.sub.1c, and the rate of stable glycohemoglobin is determined from thus obtained chromatogram.

Abstract: A portable type clinical examination device using expiratory air of a patient as a sample and measuring with high accuracy and rapidity concentration of trace amounts of aimed gas components contained in the expiratory air. The clinical examination device feeds an expiratory air sample provided by a patient, fed through an expiratory air sucking portion and separated in a column to a detector which detects trace amounts of aimed gas components contained in the expiratory air sample by ionizing the aimed gas components through application of ultraviolet or radiation, so that output signals from the detector are processed and concentration of the aimed gas components is computed by use of a previously memorized working curve to provide a clinical examination data which is output on a recording device or the like.

Abstract: An apparatus for chemically analyzing a sample on a test piece that includes a reagent layer, comprises a test piece table for positioning a test piece thereon, and an applying station wherein a sample may be applied to the reagent layer. The test table moves to a position below a row of holes with the reagents aligned to the holes and a sample is applied to each reagent layer from a nozzle, the samples passing through the respective holes. Covers are moved over the holes after the samples are applied and the test pieces are moved to a measuring station for measuring the reaction between the sample and reagent layer. Photometric techniques are used in evaluating the reaction. Opening and closing of the covers is controlled by motion of the sample dispensing nozzle as it moves from one opening to the next.

Abstract: Disclosed is an analysis implement including a support and a reagent layer containing an oxidase applied to the support such that one surface of the reagent layer is exposed to an air atmosphere. A hydrophobic, porous, oxygen permeable layer is positioned between the reagent layer and the support, such that oxygen can permeate to the layer containing oxidase.

Abstract: An autonomous continuous analysis method and apparatus using Dip and Read type analytical implements. A series of operations of taking out analytical implements, dipping them in the sample solution, optical measurement, calculation, and disposal of the used sample solution are performed automatically.The dip stage, in particular, is automated by use of an analytical-implement automatic supply device and an analytical implement automatic handling device which, holding an analytical implement, dips it in the sample solution, and sets it ona reaction turntable. A number of analytical implements are put in a storage section comprising a bottom section provided with an analytical implement groove and at least one inside surface which is parallel with the groove, are taken out one by one by the relative movement of the groove and in normal and reverse direction and by stopping in a specified position after confirming by a detector that an implement has been caught in the groove.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composition for determining .beta.-hydroxybutyric acid, usable for doctors, nurses, and patients themselves simply and quickly without use of special instruments, and also relates to a method for preparing the said composition.The composition of the invention oxidizes .beta.-hydroxybutyric acid under alkaline conditions and the presence of nicotineamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) by .beta.-hydroxybutyric acid dehydrogenase, and the produced reduction-type NAD (NADH) reduces tetrazolium salt through an electron carrier to produce formazan developing color. The composition permits accurate measurement quickly and simply, and has excellent conservative stability, because it is a uniform solid-phase composition prepared by applying reagents necessary for the reaction of film impermeable to water together with a natural or synthesized film forming polymer.

Abstract: The test solution in the measuring cell is regarded to be divided into a plurality of sections, and the quantity of scattered light from each section is continuously measured to give a plurality of independent series of signal. This measurement is carried out by scanning the measuring cell with a minute light flux periodically to obtain a plurality of measurements in a period. Out of the series of signals obtained, those containing abnormal scattered light signal are eliminated to determine accurate concentration and reaction process.

Abstract: A method for measuring body fluid constituents and storing the test data, which stores the measurement data of body fluid constituents measured by means of a small-size, light-weight, portable analyzing apparatus and a solid reagent, in the memory circuit of the apparatus, and after the required or specified number of measurement data has been stored, delivers the data into an external device. The external action data can also be stored. A method of controlling and processing the test data of body fluid constituents which stores one lot of data groups of each apparatus in an external unit together with the data for identifying the patient and displays the measurements of each patient calculated from one or a plurality of data groups of each analyzing apparatus in digital or analog form.

Abstract: A method for accurately performing concentration measurements while compensating the dilution ratio as needed during continuous measurement of specified ingredient in the liquid to be tested. The liquid to be tested is diluted by a diluent, wherein the liquid to be tested and the diluent or the mixture of the two and the diluent is transferred by means of the respective tube pumps to a measuring section. Either or both of the quantities of liquid-feeding of those two liquids are changed at the beginning of measuring or in an optional stage during the time of the measurement, diluted and mixed at two or more dilution ratios. Then the real dilution ratio at the time of changing the quantities of the said liquids is found on the basis of the measured value of the substance to be measured at the respective dilution ratios, and the concentration of the substance contained in the liquid to be tested is determined by using the real dilution ratio.

Abstract: At the time of drawing the blood continuously from the vein of the patient by means of a catheter and measuring the concentration of a specified constituent part contained in the blood automatically and continuously for long hours, the sample liquid and two sorts of correcting liquids (standard liquid I and base liquid) are sucked by a single sampling nozzle in prescribed order and are supplied to the measuring section through a common channel. Each of the liquids are diluted with a buffer solution at the identical rate with the manifold in the measuring section, are separated from one another through the interposition of air layers among them, and supplied to a sensor. The outputs of the measured sample liquid from the sensor are corrected by the outputs of each of the neighboring measured correcting liquids in succession and are displayed as measured values.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for quantitatively determining a degree of agglutination of a suspension of particles or the presence of the agglutination thereof is disclosed, wherein a liquid which contains agglutinated clots, otherwise a substance or substances to be about to agglutinate is made to slowly transfer through a small tube, in course of which agglutinated clots and non-agglutinated particles separate from each other in the liquid, when a degree of agglutination of particles and the concentration of the substance to be tested herewith can be determined quantitatively through the detection of difference in the optical properties of both the accumulation layer of agglutinated clots and the suspension layer of non-agglutinated particles, or the change in the optical properties of either of the above two layers, in particular the suspension layer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for an analyzer which measures concentration of a liquid specimen by monitoring the coloration of test paper which is either dipped into the specimen or is otherwise painted with it. In the method, inner stray rays produced by a light source which do not reach the test paper are experimentally monitored, so that the effect of such inner stray rays upon the accuracy of the test paper analysis is eliminated. Additionally, a method of relating relative reflectivity of the test paper to the concentration of the specimen is disclosed, in which method the calibration curve is modeled as a section of a hyperbola. In the apparatus, a microcomputer performs the evaluation and the detection of the coloration of the test paper and the compensation for various sources of instrumental error takes place electronically.

Abstract: A composition and test piece or dipstick for measuring the glucose concentration in body fluids such as urine, spinal fluid and blood. The composition includes a glucose oxidase, a peroxidase a N,N'-tetramethyldiaminophenylmethane and guaiac.

Abstract: A method and device for measuring the osmotic pressure on the basis of an improved supercooling process, whereby and wherein cryohydrate nuclei are made to generate almost spontaneously in a part of a sample liquid by cooling the above part down further to a temperature (to an extra-supercooled state) lower than the temperature of a supercooled state, wherethrough the sample liquid as a whole is induced to freeze statically. Because of a non-necessity of using any stirring rod, it becomes possible to design a small-sized device, to reduce the sample liquid to be used to a possible infinitesimal, and further to perform the continuous measurement with the aid of the adoption of a flow cell.

Abstract: A reference scatterer for use in the correction of scattering type photometers having a reference glass scatterer main body with microcrystals therein to split the phase of incident light which is housed within a vessel with a clearance between the two. The clearance is filled with a liquid whose index of refraction substantially matches that of the main body.

Abstract: A blood coagulation time measuring method comprising irradiating a mixture of blood plasma and reagent with a beam of specified amount of light, detecting changes in the amount of light scattered by the mixture, converting the resulting scattered light output signals to digital form at specified time interval, feeding the digital data to a computer, computing the difference between each input value and the input value immediately adjacent thereto with respect to time and storing the results, and determining the time, prior to the time at which a maximum difference value is obtained, at which a computed difference value corresponding to 1/n of the maximum difference value is obtained. The time thus determined is the end point of the coagulation time. A system for practicing this method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of analyzing a liquid sample by applying the sample to a composite test paper composed of a strip plastic transparent film and a reflectivity reference or compensation paper piece and a plurality of color reaction test paper pieces affixed to the strip, feeding the test paper to a spectral reflectivity measuring device a predetermined period of time after the application, and calculating the corrected reflectivities of each of the paper pieces from the measured amounts of reflected light at varying wavelengths to determine the concentration of the abnormal substance contained in the test sample, free of measuring errors due to the color if any of the sample, differences in the color developed and variations in the thickness of the color reaction test paper pieces and reflectivity reference or compensation paper piece. A system for practicing this method is also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus according to which a sample and a reagent are mixed together at a given temperature in a colorimetric cell to enable a property of the sample to be determined in an instrument such as a photoelectric colorimeter or a spectrophotometer. The sample and reagent are initially situated in a pair of containers one of which can be enclosed entirely within the other with the inner container extending above the level of the contents in the outer container. A colorimetric cell is connected in a fluid-tight manner at its open end to an upper open top of the outer container, and then after the entire assembly and the contents of the containers are brought to a given temperature, this assembly is inverted to discharge the contents of both containers into the colorimetric cell.

Abstract: A test strip of the type which is dipped into a liquid such as urine for indicating by color information with respect to the liquid. The test strip has a transparent backing on one side of which is located a color-reaction paper with a fastening layer situated between the paper and the backing for fastening the paper to the backing. The fastening layer is opaque and non-reflecting with respect to light, so that while light can pass freely through the backing it will reflected by the color-reaction paper without passing through the backing. The test strip is moved perpendicularly across an optical axis along which light is directed with the light traveling first through the transparent backing and then being reflected by the color-reaction paper. Signals are generated from the light passing through the backing and the light reflected by the color-reaction paper, with the timing of the signal from the reflected light being controlled by the signal from the light which has passed through the transparent backing.