Abstract: In a image reading apparatus applicable to a facsimile machine, copying machine or the like which includes an original document transporting unit having therein an image reading point and a rigid base plate having thereon an optical element such as mirror or lens and a photoelectric conversion unit such as CCD to convert incident light information to an corresponding electrical signal, said transporting unit being supported to a rigid supporting member, said rigid plate being rotatably supported at its side end portion to an axis connected to said rigid supporting member, whereby a distance of an optical path from the reading point to the conversion unit is stably kept constant even though the housing of the apparatus is distorted.

Abstract: A system for sampling binary value images of white and black and efficiently encoding and decoding them is disclosed. An image is sampled to form a plurality of small picture cells. The small picture cells are merged in groups of four to form a plurality of large picture cells. At least one least frequently occurring density level is determined for the plurality of large picture cells. The least frequently occurring density level is converted to an adjacent density level. The density levels for the picture cells are then encoded and transmitted to a receiver. At the receiving end, the encoded large picture cells are decoded to form a plurality of restored large picture cells. Each restored large picture cell is divided into four small restored picture cells by comparing its density level with that of four neighboring large restored picture cells.

Abstract: A reproduction lens assembly including two groups of three elements for providing a large aperture efficiency and a compact size formed by arranging a lens system symmetrically with respect to a stop wherein the each group of three elements further comprise a first convex Meniscus lens having a concave surface thereof directed toward the stop, the stop being positioned on the front side of the first Meniscus lens, a second concave Meniscus lens having a concave surface thereof directed toward the stop and a third convex Meniscus lens having a concave surface thereof directed toward the stop with a small air gap the third and second Meniscus lens.

Abstract: A mechanism for driving a movable body including a movable body reciprocatingly movable along guide members, a member for driving said movable body reciprocatingly, a wire for connecting the movable body with the driving member, a tension member arranged in a slack portion of the wire during the time of advancing movement of the movable body and elastic means for providing a strong or a weak tension force to the tension member, the weak tension force being applied to the tension member during advancing movement of the movable body and the strong tension force being applied to the tension member during returning movement of the movable body.

Abstract: A sheet supply includes a sheet supply roller disposed for contact with copy sheets housed in a cassette for feeding forward one copy sheet at a time and a guide roller which is disposed on the outer side of the sheet supply roller. The guide roller is loosely mounted on the axis of the sheet supply roller so as to be movable in the direction of its diameter and such that it rotatably contacts the copy sheets under its dead weight.

Abstract: Liquid is applied onto the circumference of a transfer roller by an applicator and thereby onto the circumference of an operating roller. The coefficients of friction in the apparatus are selected so that the transfer roller will be rotated by the operating roller to pick up liquid from the applicator when the thickness of the liquid on the transfer roller is below a selected value, and the transfer roller is prevented from rotating by the applicator when the thickness of the liquid slightly exceeds the selected value so that a uniform liquid film is applied onto the circumference of the operating roller.

Abstract: The present invention provides a spark-recording type printing method and a spark-recording material for use in the method, which printing method comprises the processes of: forming an image on a spark-recording material by the spark-recording method, said spark-recording material comprising a support and a layer of metal deposited thereon by vacuum evaporation, and, if necessary, being provided with a colored layer interposed between said support and metal layer, and if further necessary, being provided with a protective layer which is easy to desensitize and/or a desensitized layer which requires no desensitization treatment as formed on said metal layer; and conducting offset printing by employing said spark-recording material having an image formed thereon as a master either after subjecting it to desensitization treatment when it is not provided with said desensitized layer or directly when it is provided with said desensitized layer.

Abstract: Electrophotographic light-sensitive materials having a photoconductive layer formed on an electroconductive support, the photoconductive layer comprising an organic photoconductive compound (monomer or polymer) and indenothiophenone or its derivative as a sensitizer, and a process of preparing indenothiophenone and its derivatives from a benzoic acid derivative and a thiophene derivative.

Abstract: A releasing layer is formed on a heat resistant backing sheet and a transparent thermal bonding layer is formed on top of the releasing layer to provide a coating material. The sheet of material such as photograph is mated with the coating material. When the sheet material is a photograph its emulsion side contacts the bonding layer and is passed through a heated roller assembly to bond the bonding layer to the photograph. The backing sheet and the releasing layer are then separated from the sheet material or photograph and bonding layer.

Abstract: Graphic information is encoded in the form of an electrical pulse train, which is divided into a number of blocks of equal length. Only those blocks containing pulses are retained, and are combined for transmission with a decoding signal for subsequent synthesis of the original pulse train. The compression efficiency may be further increased by converting the pulse train into delta graphic form, or a modified delta graphic form in which extremely short pulses are suppressed prior to compression.

Abstract: Liquid developers for use in electrostatic photography in which toner particles comprising pigment and specific polymer mixes having a particle size of from 0.2 to 0.8 .mu., and a particle size distribution such that about 90% of the particles are in the particle size range of from 0.3 to 0.6 .mu., are dispersed in a petroleum aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent having a solubility parameter of from 7.0 to 7.5, and method of preparation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photosensitive material for use in electrophotographic processes requiring at least two stages of charging which is superior in sensitivity, durability and hydrophilicity, said photosensitive material comprising a conductive substrate on which there is (1) a photoconductive layer containing an inorganic photoconductive substance and an inorganic glass and (2) a transparent insulating layer which is an inorganic glass, and may include a protective thin layer of a metal oxide.

Abstract: Liquid is applied onto the circumference of a transfer roller by an applicator and thereby onto the circumference of an operating roller. The coefficients of friction in the apparatus are selected so that the transfer roller will be rotated by the operating roller to pick up liquid from the applicator when the thickness of the liquid on the transfer roller is below a selected value, and the transfer roller is prevented from rotating by the applicator when the thickness of the liquid slightly exceeds the selected value so that a uniform liquid film is applied onto the circumference of the operating roller.

Abstract: Line portions of the character pattern in a character recognition device which have a thickness less than a selected standard value are thickened by a thickening circuit to the selected value. The line thickness of the character is then uniformly thinned by a thinning circuit and the thickening process is repeated. A correction circuit may be provided to prevent the continuity of the character from being broken in the thinning circuit.

Abstract: Electrophotographic light-sensitive materials having a photoconductive layer formed on an electroconductive support, the photoconductive layer comprising an organic photoconductive compound (monomer or polymer) and 4-dicyanomethylene-4H-indeno[1,2-b]thiophene or 8-dicyanomethylene-8H-indeno[2,1-b]thiophene or their derivatives as sensitizers, and processes for preparing such compounds from 4H-indeno[1,2-b]thiophen-4-one or 8H-indeno[2,1-b]thiophen-8-one or their derivatives and malonitrile.

Abstract: Photoconductive, film forming nitropyrene-formaldehyde resins characterized by a repeating structural unit of the formula: ##SPC1##And process for preparation, the photoconductive films themselves, and such films on an electrically conductive support.

Abstract: The character pattern from the scanner is stored in its original form in an auxiliary memory and in compressed form in a main memory. The slant and the horizontal and vertical second-order moments of the character pattern are sensed in the main memory, and normalized as the character pattern is shifted from the auxiliary memory to the main memory.

Abstract: Negatively charged liquid developers for use in electrostatic photography which comprises a highly insulating carrier liquid and, dispersed therein, a toner comprising colored particles coated with a synthetic polymer composition which is a mixture of vinyltoluene-butadiene or styrene-butadiene reaction products with acrylic and methacrylic acid and alkyl esters of such acids wherein the alkyl group contains 6 to 18 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A roll microfilm having a plurality of consecutive frames. Each frame has a border therearound with a plurality of small sized marks located within the border and being unequally spaced apart with respect to each other for detection by a plurality of corresponding detecting elements having the same spacing.

Abstract: A mark counter is able to count frame marks in one film margin adjacent to corresponding frames and group marks in the other film margin adjacent to the first frames of each group of frames regardless of which margin contains the frame marks and which margin contains the group marks. The marks in both margins are sensed, and analogous signals are fed into an OR gate and an AND gate. The output of the OR gate is the logical sum of the number of sensed frame and group marks which is numerically equal to the number of sensed frame marks, and the output of the AND gate is the logical product of the number of sensed frame and group marks which is numerically equal to the number of sensed group marks.