Abstract: A novel achiral biaryl-type compound and a circular dichroism(CD) color fixing agent are provided. Furthermore, a method for determining an absolute configuration of a chiral compound is carried out by introducing the above achiral biaryl-type compound into the chiral compound.

Abstract: An eddy-current sensor for nondestructive testing according to the present invention includes a planar exciting coil having a pair of current lines in parallel with each other through which exciting currents flow in opposite directions to each other during the testing, for generating an alternative magnetic field applied to a subject to be nondestructively tested by the exciting currents, and at least one MR element positioned on a central axis between the pair of current lines and on the opposite side to the subject in relation to the exciting coil, for detecting a magnetic field generated newly from the subject by an eddy-current induced by the alternative magnetic field.

Abstract: This invention is aimed at providing a motion picture encoding or decoding system and a motion picture encoding or decoding method which economize the electric power consumption efficiently as compared with the conventional technique. They are provided with at least one failure avoiding means adapted to calculate a necessary volume Kp of operation required for encoding or decoding one frame, decide an operating frequency F capable of encoding or decoding the necessary volume Kp of operation within a duration Te allocated in advance to the operation of encoding or decoding the one frame, perform the operation of encoding or decoding the one frame while continuing the operation of the processor at the operating frequency F and an operating voltage V befitting the operating frequency F, and avoid the failure situation which occurs when the necessary volume Kp of operation is smaller than the actually necessary volume of operation.

Abstract: An input device includes a magnet to be worn by a user on one fingertip of either a right hand or a left hand, a first magnetic sensor to be worn by the user on a wrist of either the right hand or the left hand to detect a magnetic field generated by the magnet at a corresponding position, a second magnetic sensor to be worn by the user on the same wrist on which the first magnetic sensor is worn and at a position that is farther from the magnet than the first magnetic sensor and eliminates effects of geomagnetism, and an output unit to output a difference between an output signal from the first magnetic sensor and an output signal from the second magnetic sensor.

Abstract: A scanning probe microscope includes a cantilever, a scanning mechanism which relatively scans the cantilever and a sample which exist in liquid, and an application mechanism which applies photolytic light to a caged compound existing in the liquid or the sample.

Abstract: An eddy-current sensor for nondestructive testing according to the present invention includes a planar exciting coil having a pair of current lines in parallel with each other through which exciting currents flow in opposite directions to each other during the testing, for generating an alternative magnetic field applied to a subject to be nondestructively tested by the exciting currents, and at least one MR element positioned on a central axis between the pair of current lines and on the opposite side to the subject in relation to the exciting coil, for detecting a magnetic field generated newly from the subject by an eddy-current induced by the alternative magnetic field.

Abstract: A novel achiral biaryl-type compound and a circular dichroism(CD) color fixing agent are provided. Furthermore, a method for determining an absolute configuration of a chiral compound is carried out by introducing the above achiral biaryl-type compound into the chiral compound.

Abstract: A profile measurement apparatus of the present invention is characterized in that two flash light beams, having wavelengths slightly different from each other, are emitted to an object with a predetermined interval t1 therebetween, and when a camera picks up interference light formed by light beams reflected from the object and a light beam reflected from the reference mirror, while moving the object in a direction, in which the two flash light beams are directed, in units of intervals t2 at which each of the two flash light beams is cyclically emitted, a phase shift amount corresponding to a movement amount of the object at a time is set to a value falling within a range of 2n&pgr;±&pgr;/2±&pgr;/4.

Abstract: A novel achiral biaryl-type compound and a circular dichroism (CD) color fixing agent are provided. Furthermore, a method for determining an absolute configuration of a chiral compound is carried out by introducing the above achiral biaryl-type compound into the chiral compound.

Abstract: An input device includes a magnet to be worn by a user on one fingertip of either a right hand or a left hand, a first magnetic sensor to be worn by the user on a wrist of either the right hand or the left hand to detect a magnetic field generated by the magnet at a corresponding position, a second magnetic sensor to be worn by the user on the same wrist on which the first magnetic sensor is worn and at a position that is farther from the magnet than the first magnetic sensor and eliminates effects of geomagnetism, and an output unit to output a difference between an output signal from the first magnetic sensor and an output signal from the second magnetic sensor.

Abstract: A novel achiral biaryl-type compound and a circular dichroism(CD) color fixing agent are provided. Furthermore, a method for determining an absolute configuration of a chiral compound is carried out by introducing the above achiral biaryl-type compound into the chiral compound.

Abstract: An electromagnetic wave amplifier and an electromagnetic wave generator operate using electron beams in a vacuum environment. The amplifier, arranged in a vacuum environment, comprises an electron emitting section for emitting electron beams and an amplifying section for amplifying an inputted electromagnetic wave in one direction by utilizing energy received from an electron beam emitted from the electron emitting section and traveling in the vacuum along a dielectric waveguide having a wave-shaped form. The generator, also arranged in a vacuum environment, comprises an electron emitting section for emitting electron beams and an oscillating section for generating an electromagnetic wave by utilizing electron beams emitted from the electron emitting section and travelling in the vacuum along a dielectric waveguide having a composite wave-shaped form.

Abstract: Within a vacuum vessel, there are arranged an electron emitting part emitting an electron beam in a first direction, and an optical amplifying part amplifying incident light with the help of energy of the electron beam. The optical amplifying part includes a flat dielectric substrate made of a quartz glass, a rectilinear dielectric optical waveguide provided on the flat dielectric substrate, made of a dielectric material having a high refractive index and extending in said first direction, input and output optical waveguides provided on the dielectric substrate and being coupled with both ends of the dielectric optical waveguide, and a pair of electron beam converging electrodes arranged on respective sides of the dielectric optical waveguide. A velocity of the incident light is delayed during propagation through the dielectric optical waveguide, and a part of the incident light penetrates from the dielectric optical waveguide into the vacuum in the form of evanescent light.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method of enabling perfusion culture efficiently and simply by agglutinating cells with Lectin, which is a naturally-occurring agglutinin, thereby separating the cells and the culture medium. According to the method of the present invention, lectin is added to a culture medium to quickly agglutinate and precipitate the cells, thereby separating the culture medium and the cells. Hence, it is easy to remove old culture medium and replenish with fresh culture medium. Accordingly, if the method of the present invention is used, the perfusion culture is performed automatically and on an industrial scale.

Abstract: A unidirectional optical amplifier comprising an optical dielectric waveguide having a high refraction index for leading light from a light input terminal to a light output terminal and a straight electron beam transit section extended in an electron beam transit direction. The optical amplifier includes an amplifier section for amplifying light in one direction by utilizing an energy level sufficiently higher than a Fermi level, and an emissive section for emitting an electron beam in the electron beam transit section. The electron beam transit section is preferably constituted so that the effective mass of an electron in the amplifier section becomes small, and the optical dielectric waveguide and the electron beam transit section are arranged in such a manner that the wave number of light in the amplifier section becomes large and an electric field component of the light is generated in the electron beam transit direction.

Abstract: Within a vacuum vessel 10, there are arranged an electron gun 2 emitting an electron beam and an amplification part 3 which amplifies incident light 7 by means of the energy of the electron beam. The amplification part 3 is formed by two wave-like mirrors 4 and 5 made of a metal such as Ag or a multi-layer structure of dielectric materials, said mirrors being separated from each other to constitute not only an electron beam travelling part, but also a light input part 4a, 5a, a light amplifying part 4b, 5b and a light output part 4c, 5c arranged in this order viewed in a travelling direction of the electron beam. The light is made incident upon the light input part at a given incident angle, and propagates along the wave-like or zigzag optical waveguide within the light amplifying part by repeating reflections. Therefore, the wavenumber of the light is increased, and the light is amplified in a unidirectional manner by the energy of the electron beam.

Abstract: A converged magnetic flux type electro-magnetic pump in which plural circular conductor plates provided with slits reaching peripheries from central holes in the plates and plural exciting spiral coils are alternately stacked with respect to each other and individually surrounded by magnetic frames. A high density traveling magnetic flux is generated by eddy currents concentrated around the central holes of the circular conductor plates in response to the application of a multiphase alternating voltage in a non-magnetic pipe passing through the central holes with a cylindrical iron core inserted in the pipe, so as to convey high temperature molten metal such as molten sodium used for refrigerating a high speed breeder reactor. The thickness of the central portions of the circular conductor plates is greater than the remainder of the plates, so as to form a radial T-shaped cross-section.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a poly-Si film, silicon is deposited on a substrate by means of a thermal decomposition of a feed gas and plasma generation. The method comprises the step of arranging said substrate within a reaction apparatus, the step of introducing into said reaction apparatus a feed gas containing a silane-series gas for thermal decomposition of the feed gas at 500.degree. to 800.degree. C., and the step of generating plasma within the feed gas by applying power for generating the plasma simultaneously with the thermal decomposition, said power for plasma generation being controlled at a level lower than the power applied for forming a poly-Si film oriented in the <110> direction, so as to form a poly-Si film substantially oriented in the <100> direction and having a smooth surface.

Abstract: A conventionally arranged multilayered eddy current type intense AC magnetic field generator is remarkably improved only by intercrossing frame-shaped iron cores with alternately multilayered structure of exciting coils and conductor plates for inducing eddy currents, so as increase the impedance of the exciting coils as well as to increase the mutual inductance thereof with the conductor plates. As a result, the desired intense AC magnetic field can be efficiently and continuously generated with evidently reduced electric power.

Abstract: In circular conductor plates having radial slits alternately stacked with spirally wound coils continuously connected in order and supplied with comparatively low frequency AC current, eddy currents generated in peripheral direction are concentrated along the radial slits around central holes of the conductor plates, so as to induce concentrated AC magnetic fluxes in those holes. As a result, an intense AC magnetic field can be efficiently obtained by a comparatively small driving AC current in comparatively low frequency range.