Abstract: Two pieces of semiconductor wafers 101 and 102 to be stacked and fused together are secured to wafer holders 201 and 202 respectively, and are then integrally held at a wafer hold unit 2. Rough position alignment is first applied to these semiconductor wafers 101 and 102 while supplying infrared light thereto from an infrared light source 30 of an infrared light system 3 for detection of a resultant lattice image at a detection unit 5. Then, fine position alignment is performed while supplying laser light from an laser light source 40 of a laser light system 4 for detection of a resultant diffraction image at the detection unit 5.

Abstract: A method for measuring hemodynamics of an experimental animal enabling repeated measurements, the method comprising the following steps: (i) ligating at least two parts of an artery, between which a part to be incised is located, of the experimental animal, the parts comprising at least one proximal ligated part and at least one distal ligated part, and then incising a part between the ligated parts; (ii) inserting through the incised part a blood pressure-volume simultaneously measuring catheter provided with multiple conductance electrodes and at least one pressure sensor; (iii) loosening the distal ligated part so as to allow an insertion of the catheter and not to cause bleeding in the opened part; (iv) further inserting the catheter so as to introduce the multiple conductance electrodes and the pressure sensor(s) into the heart ventricle; and (v) simultaneously measuring pressure and volume of the heart.

Abstract: A gazing point illuminating device is provided with: a light source; a direction changing mechanism for changing the lighting direction of the light source; a gazing direction detector for detecting the direction of the user's gazing line; and a controller for changing the lighting direction corresponding to the detected gazing direction. When, LEDs are used as the light source, and the light source is attached to the goggles worn by a user, the goggles can be useful gazing point illuminating device by themselves even if they do not include gazing point or direction detectors, because a person normally look straight ahead except for unusual occasions where he/she purposefully avert his/her gaze. Thus, an illuminating device fixed to a person's head for lighting forward is a gazing point illuminating device. It is preferred to provide an LED panel at the left and right ends of goggles.

Abstract: Liquid crystal is filled between a pair of transparent plate electrodes, and a DC voltage is applied between the electrodes to align the liquid crystal molecules along the electric field. When light enters the liquid crystal cell, the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules deviates due to the electric field of the light. The change in the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules is detected by a change in the capacitance or in the electric resistance between the plate electrodes. A liquid crystal panel 35 constituted by a two-dimensional array of such liquid crystal cells is used as an image sensor, and the interference patterns of an object 38 are produced on and detected by the liquid crystal pattern 35 in real time. The detected interference patterns are recorded continuously, whereby a three-dimensional movie is recorded.

Abstract: A microwave/DC converter employing fast cyclotron wave of the electron beam. Coupling section for feeding energy into the electron beam contains two microwave cavities 3, 7. The second cavity 7 has a group of 2n (where n=2, 3, . . . ) rod electrodes aligned symmetrically in parallel around the axis for giving the electron beam a rotational movement around the axis according to the microwave power P and receives the electron beam already slightly modulated by the first cavity 3, which is a resonant coupler with uniform transverse electric field and operates at 1/n-th of the second resonant cavity frequency (attached Figure shows the case of n=2). For the effective interaction in both cavities 3, 7 uniform static magnetic field corresponds to the cyclotron frequency equal to a half of external microwave power source frequency. Asymmetrically reversed magnetic field is used between microwave cavities and collector to achieve the maximal efficiency of the microwave energy conversion into DC energy.

Abstract: Two pieces of semiconductor wafers 101 and 102 to be stacked and fused together are secured to wafer holders 201 and 202 respectively, and are then integrally held at a wafer hold unit 2. Rough position alignment is first applied to these semiconductor wafers 101 and 102 while supplying infrared light thereto from an infrared light source 30 of an infrared light system 3 for detection of a resultant lattice image at a detection unit 5. Then, fine position, alignment is performed while supplying laser light from an laser light source 40 of a laser light system 4 for detection of a resultant diffraction image at the detection unit 5.

Abstract: A microwave/DC converter employing fast cyclotron wave of the electron beam. Coupling section for feeding energy into the electron beam contains two microwave cavities 3, 7. The second cavity 7 has a quadrupole electric field, receives the electron beam already slightly modulated by the first cavity 3, which is a resonant coupler with uniform transverse electric field and operates at a half of the second resonant cavity frequency. For the effective interaction in both cavities 3, 7 uniform static magnetic field corresponds to the cyclotron frequency equal to a half of external microwave power source frequency. Asymmetrically reversed magnetic field is used between microwave cavities and collector to achieve the maximal efficiency of the microwave energy conversion into DC energy. Additional electrode 9 of the collector 11 creates a potential distribution providing converter with an effective protection against secondary emission influence.