Abstract: A material of formula (I) M1aM2bWcOd(P(O)nRm)e??(I) wherein each of M1 and M2 is independently ammonium or a metal cation; a is 0.01 to 0.5; b is 0 to 0.5; c is 1; d is 2.5 to 3; e is 0.01 to 0.75; n is 1, 2 or 3; m is 1, 2 or 3; and R is an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group.

Abstract: An article comprising a substrate which carries a doped tin oxide wherein less than 50 mol % of the tin atoms in the tin oxide are substituted with a dopant element.

Abstract: The process for the production of a refractory body comprises comminuting plasma dissociated zircon sand, mixing the comminuted sand with a functional additive for the purpose of reducing the subsequent firing temperature, moulding the resulting mixture to form a body, and finally firing the moulded body until sintering occurs.

Abstract: The process for producing zirconium based pigments (also known as stains) comprises the direct use of plasma disassociated zirconium sand. The sand is comminuted to a suitable particle size, mixed with a color determining agent such as ammonium metavanadate and a mineralizer such as sodium fluoride, after which the resulting mixture is calcined to bring about a reaction between the zirconium sand and the color determining agent to produce the required pigments. The resulting calcined pigment is then ground to a suitable particle size ready for application to ceramic tiles.