Abstract: In a method for automatically triggering flushing of a urinal with water an electrically actuatable shut-off valve is arranged in the water inlet line for shutting off water flow. A temperature sensor is positioned at a siphon of the urinal. Signals generated by the temperature sensor are sent to an electronic control and computing device. A temperature gradient is determined with the electronic control and computing device based on the signals generated by the temperature sensor. The shut-off valve is opened for flushing the urinal when the temperature gradient exceeds a preset limit.

Abstract: A tunnel kiln consisting of a succession of tunnel sections assembled from prefabricated large-surface side panels and ceiling panels supported on a tunnel frame of structural steel, at least some of the panels being removable for access to the kiln. Similar panels mounted on railcars form the bottom portion of the kiln. The panels are composed of multiple layers of different materials, the material and thickness of the surface layers being adapted to different heat resistance requirements, while the overall dimensions of the composite panels remain the same.