Abstract: A process for the preparation of a compound material composed of a substrate and a metallic layer of a metastable or unstable phase strongly adhering to the substrate surface. This phase contains more than one elemental component, and is deposited onto the substrate from the gas or vapor phase. In this process:(a) the components used for formation of the metastable or unstable phase are very pure, having an impurity concentration of less than 100 ppm by weight;(b) during initial deposition of the layer, up to a thickness of about 5 to 20 nm, the mobility of the components on the substrate is reduced to promote germination; and(c) the components are subsequently deposited for the remainder of the layer up to the desired thickness, onto the substrate which is heated.

Abstract: A cryosorption pump comprises a pump housing; a supply conduit merging into the pump housing for introducing sorption material thereinto; an outlet conduit opening into the pump housing at a location below and spaced from the supply conduit; a plurality of heat conducting wall surfaces disposed in the pump housing; a refrigerator operatively connected to the wall surfaces for cooling them to a cryogenic temperature to which the sorption material situated between the wall surfaces is exposed; a regenerator connected to the outlet and supply conduits for regenerating sorbent-laden sorption material received from the pump housing by means of the outlet conduit and for admitting sorbent-free sorption material into the supply conduit; a first conveyor arranged in the outlet conduit for advancing sorbent-laden sorption material from the pump housing into the regenerator; and a second conveyor arranged in the supply conduit for advancing sorbent-free sorption material from the regenerator into the pump housing.

Abstract: A process for the extraction of cesium ions from an aqueous solution with an adduct compound in solid form containing a macrocyclical polyether and an inorganic heteropoly acid. The adduct compounds employed comprise an adduct of (a) benzo-15-crown-5 (B-15-C-5); dibenzo-21-crown-7 (DB-21-C-7); or dibenzo-30-crown-10 (DB-30-C-10), with (b) 12-molybdophosphoric acid (HPMo); 12-tungstophosphoric acid (HPW); 12-molybdosilicic acid (HSiMo); 12-tungstosilicic acid (HSiW); or an Na, K, Tl, or NH.sub.4 salt of any of these acids.

Abstract: A process for the separation of actinide ions from aqueous, basic, carbonate containing solutions with the use of basic ion exchangers. The actinide ions are sorbed at a weakly basic anion exchanger comprised of a polyalkene matrix provided in the majority with tertiary and in the minority with quaternary amino groups. The charged ion exchanger is separated from the solution and then the actinide ions are eluted from the exchanger with nitric acid.

Abstract: Multifilament superconductors of brittle, prereacted Nb.sub.3 Sn filaments in a bronze matrix wherein the electrical power under superconductive conditions is stabilized. The superconductor comprises a core of Nb.sub.3 Sn multifilaments and a bridge containing a band of purest aluminum which is soldered in parallel to the superconductor core.

Abstract: A process for the extraction of cesium ions from an aqueous solution with an adduct compound containing a macrocyclical polyether and an inorganic heteropoly acid component. An organic phase in the form of a solution of an adduct compound in a polar organic solvent is prepared. The adduct compound is the product of a crown ether containing at least one species of the structural elements ##STR1## where, in structure I, n represents one of the numbers 0, 1 or 2, the --C--(C).sub.n --O group forms part of the polyether ring and R.sub.1 is H,CH.sub.3, phenyl up to 4 R.sub.1 (.noteq.H); in structure II, the --C--C--O-- group forms part of the polyether ring and R.sub.2 is H,CH.sub.3, t-butyl, pentyl, heptyl, nonyl, (CH.sub.2).sub.9 Ch.sub.3, phenyl up to 2 R.sub.2 (.noteq.H);and in structure III, the --C.dbd.C--O group forms part of the polyether ring and R.sub.3 is H,CH.sub.3, t-butyl, pentyl, heptyl, nonyl, (CH.sub.2).sub.9 CH.sub.9, phenyl up to 2 R.sub.3 (.noteq.

Abstract: A process for the partial desalination of water with a combination of weakly acid cation exchangers in free acid form and basic anion exchangers in hydrogen carbonate form, both present in aqueous suspensions, and subsequent regeneration of the charged ion exchanger material. The partial desalination is effected with a combination or mixture of a weakly acid cation exchanger material and a basic anion exchanger material. Depending on the combination or mixing ratio of the two exchangers, non-equivalent quantities of neutral salt cations and anions are removed from the water. The regeneration of both exchangers together is effected exclusively with the aid of CO.sub.2.

Abstract: Method for separating plutonium ions from an aqueous solution containing sulfuric acid. The method comprises introducing into the aqueous solution 0.1 to 1.5 moles of nitrate ions per liter of aqueous solution. To the aqueous solution containing nitrate ions, there is added an organic phase comprising a solution of 0.1 to 1.0 M di-2-ethylhexylphosphoric acid in kerosene in a volume ratio of the aqueous solution containing nitrate ions to the organic phase of between 1:1 and 4:1 to extract the plutonium ions into the organic phase. The organic phase containing plutonium ions is then separated from the aqueous solution. A re-extractant aqueous solution containing 0.2 to 1.0 M oxalic acid, and 0 to 0.5 M nitric acid is then added to the separated organic phase to re-extract the plutonium ions into the re-extractant aqueous solution. The re-extractant aqueous solution containing plutonium ions is then separated from the organic phase.

Abstract: A process for removing ammonium nitrate NH.sub.4 NO.sub.3 (AN) from an aqueous solution. At least one nitrogen-oxygen (N-O) compound in the form of NO.sub.x and/or N.sub.2 O.sub.2x, where x=1 or 2, is added to the aqueous solution containing the AN, the N-O compound being in gaseous or liquid state or as an ion present in an aqueous solution, at a temperature above room temperature but below the boiling point of the solution containing the AN and under normal pressure.

Abstract: A process for removing adhering or dust-like deposits in an apparatus which handles uranium hexafluoride. The process includes the steps of:(a) reacting the deposits with a gaseous boron halogenide other than boron trifluoride, to form at least one uranium halogenide; and(b) reacting the at least one uranium halogenide with a fluorine containing substance to form uranium hexafluoride.

Abstract: A hard alloy including at least one hard phase and a binary or multicomponent binder metal alloy, in which the hard substance comprises a finely dispersed, homogeneous distribution in the binder metal. The hard phase comprises a carbide of a Group IVb, Vb or VIb transition metal, and the binder metal alloy comprises a solid alloy of a Group IVb, Vb or VIb transition metal, with Re, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, or Pt.

Abstract: A process for desorbing fission iodine from a solution in a dissolver containing nitric acid and nuclear fuel. At least part of the solution is distilled by boiling creating an iodine-containing vapor, and the condensate vapor is conducted in an ascending condenser in countercurrent with its condensate. The resulting condensate is the returned to the dissolver. The desorption of the iodine in the condenser is effected by means of a gas.

Abstract: Process for reducing the acid content of a nitric acid solution by using an electrolysis current which is capable of reducing HNO.sub.3 at the cathode. The nitric acid solution is divided into a first volume portion and a second volume portion. The first volume portion is reduced electrolytically to form a reaction product containing ammonium nitrite (AN). The second volume portion is reduced electrolytically to form a reaction product in the form of nitrous gases NO.sub.x, essentially NO and/or NO.sub.2. The reaction products are brought together and reacted at a temperature in the range from 50.degree. C. to below the boiling point of the solution resulting from the bringing together of the reaction products, by heating the resulting solution.

Abstract: A process for the hydrogenation of coal which comprises introducing a hydrogen containing gas into a substantially saturated solution of carbon in a metallic medium at a temperature below 900.degree. K. to convert C and H to hydrocarbon compounds within the medium.

Abstract: A method for producing a superconductive wire of multifilaments having components comprising niobium and aluminum encased in copper or a copper alloy, wherein the multifilament configuration and the formation of a superconductive Al5 phase are positively developed from the components disposed in a copper or copper alloy tube having an interior metallic coating serving as a diffusion barrier, by cold forming and subsequent heat treatment.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for periodically discharging batches of a glass melt from a ceramic glass melting furnace in which localized heating energy limitable in time is supplied to the glass melt by means of electrodes in the furnace, the furnace being provided at its bottom with an induction heatable outlet member of ceramic material presenting a vertically oriented outlet passage for discharge of such batches, the furnace being operated to cause the outlet passage to be closed by a plug of the glass when no discharge is to take place, in which such plug is melted for discharging a batch of the glass melt via the outlet passage by preheating the outlet member and the glass plug by induction heating up to a preheating temperature which is below the melting temperature of the glass and above which the rate of increase of the electrical conductivity of the glass plug as a function of increasing temperature is greater than that of the ceramic material of the outlet member, and then further heating the plug, while

Abstract: A method for determining the transit time and flowrate of coolant traversing a cooling channel of a nuclear reactor fuel element from the effective center of the fuel element to a point where the cooland exits therefrom.

Abstract: Process for separating the noble fission gases xenon and krypton from a prepurified waste gas from a nuclear plant. The prepurified waste gas is brought into contact with liquid Cl.sub.2 CF.sub.2 as an absorption agent in a first column at an operating pressure which is less than or equal to normal pressure, whereby Xe, Kr, N.sub.2 O, CO.sub.2, O.sub.2 and N.sub.2 are absorbed by the agent. Subsequently, the liquid absorption agent containing the absorbed gases is heated to substantially the boiling temperature of Cl.sub.2 CF.sub.2 at the operating pressure for vaporizing part of the liquid absorption agent and desorbing the absorbed Kr, N.sub.2 and O.sub.2 to thereby separate the Kr and Xe from one another. The desorbed Kr, N.sub.2 and O.sub.2 gases are separated from the vaporized absorption agent. The liquid absorption agent which has not been vaporized is treated to recover Xe, N.sub.2 O and CO.sub.2. Waste gas containing Kr, N.sub.2 and O.sub.

Abstract: A device for simultaneously detecting alpha and beta particles which comprises a detector element, amplification means coupled to the output of the detector element and measuring means coupled to the output of the amplification means. The alpha and beta particles which impinge on the detector element exhibit different ionization densities, and this results in a voltage being generated at the output of the amplification means which has a rise time and amplitude corresponding to the type of particle impinging on the detector element. The measuring means measures at least the rise time of the voltage at the output of the amplification means, the rise time being different for the alpha and beta particles and providing a means for distinguishing between the two types of particles.

Abstract: A differential pressure sensor comprises a housing having first and second inlets; a rod-shaped capacitive displacement sensor affixed to the housing in the interior thereof; a first electrode constituted by an end face of the displacement sensor; a second electrode constituted by a diaphragm extending generally parallel to and at a distance from the first electrode; a bellows affixed to the housing and the diaphragm along a circumference thereof; a first chamber defined within the housing and communicating with the first inlet; and a second chamber defined within the housing and communicating with the second inlet. The first and second chambers are separated fluid tight from one another. One of the faces of the diaphragm is exposed to the pressure of a first fluid admitted to the first chamber through the first inlet and the other face of the diaphragm is exposed to the pressure of a second fluid admitted to the second chamber through the second inlet.