Abstract: An improved coal deashing process wherein a feed mixture comprising soluble coal products, insoluble coal products, and deashing solvent at a first temperature level is separated in a first separation zone into a first light fraction and a first heavy fraction comprising the insoluble coal products and some of the deashing solvent through admixing predetermined quantities of an additive with the feed mixture prior to separation to provide an improved yield of recoverable soluble coal products. Alternatively, the additive is admixed with the first light fraction prior to subsequent separations to provide an improved yield of recoverable soluble coal products.

Abstract: A process for improving the yield of soluble coal products separated from a residuum feed in a coal deashing process. In operation, an additive comprising (i) at least a portion of a distillate fraction preferably recovered from the coal liquefaction products from which the residuum feed is derived, (ii) a portion of recycled heavy soluble coal products, (iii) a portion of recycled light soluble coal products, or (iv) admixtures thereof is introduced in predetermined quantities into the residuum feed prior to entry into a separation zone maintained at elevated temperature and pressure to effect an improved separation of the soluble coal products from the insoluble coal products within the residuum feed.

Abstract: A coal deashing process wherein a feed mixture comprising soluble coal products, insoluble coal products and solvent is separated in a first separation zone into a first heavy phase and a first light phase comprising soluble coal products, solvent and some insoluble coal products. The first light phase is withdrawn and introduced into a second separation zone wherein it separates into a second heavy phase comprising insoluble coal products, soluble coal products and some solvent and a second light phase comprising soluble coal products and solvent. The second heavy phase is withdrawn and at least a portion is recycled to the first separation zone to increase the yield of separable soluble coal products ultimately recovered by the process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process wherein solidified coal liquefaction products with or without other solid materials can be simultaneously melted and introduced at an elevated pressure into a process unit. The melting and introduction of the coal liquefaction products with or without other solid materials into the process unit is accomplished by an extruder.

Abstract: An improved coal deashing process wherein coal is mixed with a coal liquefaction process solvent, solubilized and flashed to provide a prepared mixture and the prepared mixture is mixed with a deashing solvent to produce a feed mixture. Thereafter, the feed mixture is separated in a first separation zone into a first heavy fraction comprising insoluble coal products and a first light fraction comprising soluble coal products and solvents. The first light fraction is recovered and a second portion of the deashing solvent is mixed with the first light fraction prior to introduction into a second separation zone wherein an improved separation occurs to produce a second light fraction comprising the solvents and a second heavy fraction comprising the soluble coal products which is recovered.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for maintaining continuous operation of a coal deashing process during periods of normal operation wherein a dry, powdery ash concentrate composition is produced and during process upsets wherein undesired semi-solids or fluid compositions are produced.

Abstract: An improved process for the continuous discharge from a first separation zone of a first heavy fraction comprising insoluble coal products and solvent in a coal deashing process utilizing solvents at elevated pressures and temperatures near the critical temperature of the solvent. The continuous discharge of the insoluble coal products in a dry, powdery form, is achieved by monitoring the temperature level of the solvent and insoluble coal products within a transfer conduit after withdrawal and pressure reduction from the first separation zone operating pressure, at a temperature below about 550 degrees F.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for removing finely divided insoluble particulate materials from crude shale oils. A feed comprising crude shale oil that contains insoluble particulate material is mixed with a solvent and thereafter separated in a first separation zone into a first light fraction comprising the crude shale oil and the solvent and a first heavy fraction comprising the insoluble particulate material, some crude shale oil and some dissolving solvent. The first light fraction then is withdrawn and subjected to a second separation in a second separation zone. In the second separation zone, the first light fraction is separated into a plurality of fractions of crude shale oil and solvent. The crude shale oil fractions then are separated, withdrawn and subjected to subsequent hydrorefining, while the solvent is recovered and recycled to provide additional feed mixture.

Abstract: An improved mining apparatus for excavating material, such as coal, for example, from an earth formation, such as a coal seam, for example, wherein a miner, having a forward and a rearward cutter, is guided through the coal seam and excavates a borehole therein, the borehole being filled with a working fluid during the operation of the miner, the working fluid facilitating the operation of the miner and providing a vehicle for removing the mined material. Substantially all of the operations of the miner are controlled from the earth's surface thereby eliminating the necessity and accompanying hazards and costs involved in utilizing personnel underground during the mining operations.

Abstract: The present invention contemplates an improved method and control apparatus for indicating the leakage resistance in an electrical system wherein the electrical system generally includes an alternating current power source connected to a load via a conductor assembly, and wherein the control apparatus generally includes: a direct current power source connected to the electrical system for impressing a direct current control signal on the electrical system, and a portion providing an output indication of the leakage resistance in the electrical system.

Abstract: A process for maintaining the fluid-like properties of a heavy phase being withdrawn from a separation zone maintained at elevated temperature and pressure during periods in which the flow of this heavy phase is terminated due to pressure reduction valve plugging or to permit cleaning of downstream processing apparatus. When the flow of withdrawn heavy phase is interrupted, deashed coal is melted, if necessary, and introduced under pressure into the withdrawal conduit to mix with the heavy phase therein. The mixture of deashed coal and heavy phase retains the fluid-like properties exhibited by the heavy phase and flow can be resumed once the downstream apparatus is repaired. Alternatively, other high-boiling aromatic materials may be used instead of the deashed coal.

Abstract: A method for forming a gasket for a container closure. In the method, a dispersion of a finely powdered plastic resin in a fluid carrier is prepared and the viscosity of the dispersion is adjusted to provide desirable flow characteristics. The resin is not associated in the dispersion with a plasticizer. An annulus of the dispersion is applied to a container closure. The applied annulus of the dispersion is then subjected to an elevated temperature for a sufficient time to remove the carrier and to fuse the thermoplastic resin particles which are united to form a resilent seal.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved heat exchanger gas outlet tube in a cyclone separator. The apparatus is adapted for use with highly corrosive halide-containing gas-solids suspensions at elevated temperatures.In accordance with this invention, a flanged, hollow nickel alloy gas outlet tube is provided with multiple inlets and outlets arranged circumferentially around a portion of the gas outlet tube. A hollow passage contained within said gas outlet tube is provided with a pair of partial longitudinal baffles positioned in such a manner that cooling air or other compatible cooling fluid may flow within the passage and be caused to flow longitudinally down the length of the tube, in one portion of the passage, before passing below the partial baffles and the flow back upwardly through the other portion of the passage.

Abstract: This invention relates to the manufacture of boron trichloride from a molten salt bath comprising a naturally occurring boric acid salt or other boron-containing ore, carbon and chlorine gas.In accordance with the process of this invention, boron trichloride is produced in a single stage reaction by passing chlorine gas through as continuously fed molten boric acid salt rich layer in a reactor vessel which contains carbon. At least a portion of the gaseous products of the reaction are recovered and partially condensed to separate at least a crude boron trichloride liquid phase from the non-condensable gaseous products. The crude boron trichloride liquid phase then is subjected to a two-stage distillation from which is recovered a purified boron trichloride product.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved composition of matter for and method of defoliating plants such as, for example, cotton. More particularly, this invention relates to an improved fire retardant defoliant comprising an aqueous solution of an alkali metal chlorate, alkali metal carbonate, urea and a surfactant comprising a mixture of alkali metal alkenesulfonates and alkali metal hydroxyalkanesulfonates and a method for using the same.

Abstract: This invention relates to the production of oils of specified higher quality at the same yield or to the production of a higher yield of oils of the same quality from a bituminous material by a combination of propane and pentane deasphalting than would otherwise be obtainable by utilizing either propane or pentane deasphalting processes alone. This is effected by subjecting the bituminous material first to a pentane deasphalting process to produce a light fraction containing resins and oils, followed by a propane deasphalting process on the resin-oil fraction previously obtained and the recycle of at least a portion of the resins fraction back to the pentane deasphalting process.

Abstract: A closure for glass containers is formed with a top end wall and a depending annular skirt wall. A base ring depends downwardly from the top end wall and supports a small sealing fin which projects downwardly from base ring to engage the finish of a glass container neck in sealing relation when the closure is applied to the container. The preferred base ring is tapered downwardly and outwardly and facilitates the flow of plastic into the sealing fin during molding of the closure. The closure is threaded onto the container neck and the sealing fin comes into contact with the finish. The application of additional closure torque causes the sealing fin to deform and be crushed. Polypropylene has the desired structural properties of flexural stiffness, hardness and compressive strength to be used for the closure.

Abstract: An improved coal deashing process wherein soluble dissolved coal present in the ash concentrate product stream from a critical solvent deashing process can be separated and recovered from the ash concentrate by at least two alternate processing systems.In one such system, the ash concentrate (containing dissolved and undissolved coal) is admixed with a suitable organic solubilizing solvent to obtain partial redissolution, at elevated temperature and at pressures of atmospheric and above, and thereafter subjecting said mixture to a separation treatment. The liquid product thus separated, containing substantially all of the dissolved coal and only a minor amount of mineral ash, thereafter is recycled to the initial coal dissolution step to thereby provide a portion of the initial solvent necessary for preparation of the coal feed.

Abstract: An improved bipolar electrode having an anodic member and a cathodic member connected in an assembled position spaced a distance apart with a connector constructed of an electrically conductive material disposed between and engaging portions of the anodic member and the cathodic member, the connector mechanically supporting the anodic and the cathodic members in a spaced apart relationship and establishing electrical continuity therebetween.

Abstract: An improved coal deashing process wherein coal is mixed with a first dissolving solvent, solubilized and flashed to provide a prepared mixture, and the prepared mixture is mixed with a second dissolving solvent to produce a feed mixture. The insoluble coal products produced are separated from the feed mixture as a first heavy fraction in a first separation zone and the soluble coal products are recovered as a second heavy fraction from a second separation zone. The second dissolving solvent is recovered from the first heavy fraction and the second heavy fraction for recycling to aid in the production of the feed mixture. The first dissolving solvent is recovered from the first and the second heavy fractions and recycled to aid in solubilization of the coal.