Abstract: The invention concerns a method for forming an electrically conductive pattern on an insulating substrate. In the method, particle-type electrically conductive matter is transferred onto a surface of the substrate and the particle-type electrically conductive matter is at least partially sintered at elevated temperature and pressure in order to convert the particle-type electrically conductive matter into a continuously electrically conductive pattern affixed to the substrate. According to the invention, the electrically conductive matter is transferred in the form of a predefined pattern, and the sintering is carried out by using a nip comprising two opposing nip members between which the substrate is fed. The method provides an efficient way of making high-resolution conductor structures at low temperatures.

Abstract: A method of producing paper or cardboard using a bleached cellulosic pulp, which contains hemicelluloses. According to invention a significant portion, at least 5 wt-%, preferably about 8 to 30 wt-%, of the hemicelluloses are removed from the pulp. The hemicelluloses taken from one bleached pulp can then be transferred to another resulting in two pulps with varying properties, one pulp with properties related to low hemicelluloses content in the fiber wall and the other with properties related to high hemicelluloses content on the fiber surface.

Abstract: A method of producing paper or cardboard using a bleached cellulosic pulp, which contains hemicelluloses. According to invention a significant portion, at least 5 wt-%, preferably about 8 to 30 wt-%, of the hemicelluloses are removed from the pulp. The hemicelluloses taken from one bleached pulp can then be transferred to another resulting in two pulps with varying properties, one pulp with properties related to low hemicelluloses content in the fiber wall and the other with properties related to high hemicelluloses content on the fiber surface.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for protecting lignocellulosic material against yellowing caused by light or heat. The invention further concerns brightness stabilizing compositions intended for treatment of lignocellulosic materials. According to the invention, polytetrahydrofuran (PTHF) is used as the brightness stabilizing agent. Preferably PTHF having a molar mass of about 150 to 1500 is used. The invention provides a good stabilization of lignocellulosic pulp and of products containing such pulp, whereby the amount of PTHF required can be extremely small, e.g., 0.05-5% of the weight of the material.

Abstract: A procedure for manufacturing lignocellulosic material products and for improving their strength and water resistance characteristics, high-molar mass lignin derivatives being added to the lignocellulosic material, of which at least 35% by weight are over 5000 in molar mass.

Abstract: A lignocellulosic raw material is pulped with a cooking liquor containing organic peroxyacids, such as peroxyformic acid or peroxyacetic acid, and the defibered pulp is bleached with an alkaline solution containing hydrogen peroxide, the pH of which is at least 10 in the beginning of the treatment, and which is provided by adding to a sodium hydroxide solution, hydrogen peroxide in an amount which if calculated as a percent of the dry weight of the material coming to the treatment corresponds to from 0.20 to 0.80, preferably from 0.25 to 0.70 and most preferably from 0.45 to 0.65 times the kappa number of the pulp obtained from the previous stage of the process.

Abstract: An adhesive for the manufacture of plywood, fiber board, particle board, and similar products, and containing the combination of phenol formaldehyde resin, and a lignin derivative, such as lignosulfonates, or alkali lignins. According to the invention a minimum of 65% by weight of the lignosulfonates and a minimum of 40% by weight of the alkali lignins have relative molecular weights in excess of that of Glucagon.

Abstract: A double disc refiner for wood products solves the problems caused by steam generation in the refining space between the feed end disc and another disc. This problem is solved by the use of a separate steam removal channel connected to an inlet passage closely adjacent the feed end disc and at a location between the feed end disc and a means for feeding wood materials into the inlet passage at one end thereof. The means for feeding wood materials feeds the materials through the inlet passage and thereafter into the refining space through openings in the feed end disc.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for determining the drainability of a material in suspension which comprises the steps of placing the suspension into a first container having a bottom with a multiplicity of small holes and an open top. The bottom of a second container which contains a measuring liquid is placed into the open top of the first container and this bottom, also, has small holes. The measuring liquid in the second container is pressurized to cause it to flow into and through the first container and through the material which was contained in suspension. The rate of flow of the fluid is a measure of the drainability of the material.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an apparatus for the determination of chemicals in a sample flow, which includes in combination a hollow conical chamber having large and small diameter portions. An entrance conduit communicates with the large diameter portion of the chamber to introduce a sample flow into the chamber in a generally tangential direction and the sample travels in a generally spirally extending path to the small diameter portion. A first axially extending conduit is connected to the small diameter portion to provide for the exit of a heavier fraction of the sample flow from the conical chamber. A second exit conduit is connected in an axial manner to the large diameter portion of the conical chamber to exit a lighter fraction of the sample flow from the conical chamber. First and second spaced electrodes are positioned in the first exit conduit.