Abstract: A cathode device including an emitter element for generating electrons. The emitter element can have an outer periphery and a distal tip. The tip can have a first angled surface that angles inwardly from the outer periphery, and a second angled surface that angles inwardly and is separated and inwardly offset from the first angled surface by a shoulder. A graphite cap which can be solid, extends around the emitter element and has an internal angled surface that engages the first angled surface of the tip of the emitter element, forming a gap of a controlled size separating the internal angled surface of the graphite cap from the second angled surface of the tip of the emitter element.

Abstract: A cathode device includes an emitter tip for generating electrons. An elongate heater is included having proximal and distal ends. The emitter tip can be located at the distal end of the heater. Two spaced apart legs can extend away from the distal end of the heater, terminating at the proximal end and forming an elongate slot therebetween. Two electrical contacts can compressively engage respective opposite outer surfaces of the two legs at the proximal end of the heater to mechanically secure and electrically connect the two legs of the heater to respective electrical contacts at a junction that is at a location spaced away from the emitter tip to keep the junction cooler.

Abstract: A thin flange for insertion between two ultra-high vacuum flanges includes opposing, parallel sealing surfaces. The sealing surfaces can be surrounded by mounting surfaces having mounting holes therein alignable with holes in the flanges. Forces applied by bolts inserted through the aligned holes are distributed by the flanges so that the thin flange is subjected only to symmetric, compressive forces. Since no deforming forces are applied to the thin flange, the thickness of the thin flange can be less than previously attained, and can be less than 15% of its diameter, or even less than 6.5%. The thickness of the thin flange can be less than 0.28 inches or less than 0.16 inches. Knife edges on the sealing surfaces pressed against soft metal gaskets can form vacuum seals. The thin flange can include a feature such as an inward-facing mounting groove, a threaded mounting bore, and/or an electrical feed-through.

Abstract: A thin flange, for use with a vacuum system, includes a member having a diameter and a thickness. The member has a first face having a first sealing surface. The member has a second face opposed and substantially parallel to the first face. The second face has a second sealing surface. The thickness of the member is less than previously attained. In some designs, the thickness of the member is less than 0.28 inches.

Abstract: An apparatus for supporting UHV modules and attaching accessories thereto without welding and without obstructing any conflat ports includes a bracket attachable to an attachment feature without loss of vacuum. Embodiments permit arbitrary UHV module reorientation. In some embodiments, a supporting circular groove or series of groove segments is provided in the UHV module, and a clamping bracket fitted with holes meeting optical bench standards is attached to the groove by clamping two clamp segments together while fitting a tongue firmly into the groove. The supporting groove can be located in an extension terminating in a conflat flange, or in a separate UHV extender module. In other embodiments, the attachment feature is a plurality of threaded mounting holes that are not associated with conflat ports, do not require enlargement of the UHV module, and permit attachment of brackets without obstructing any conflat ports and without loss of vacuum.

Abstract: A thin flange for insertion between two ultra-high vacuum flanges includes opposing, parallel sealing surfaces. The sealing surfaces can be surrounded by mounting surfaces having mounting holes therein alignable with holes in the flanges. Forces applied by bolts inserted through the aligned holes are distributed by the flanges so that the thin flange is subjected only to symmetric, compressive forces. Since no deforming forces are applied to the thin flange, the thickness of the thin flange can be less than previously attained, and can be less than 15% of its diameter, or even less than 6.5%. The thickness of the thin flange can be less than 0.28 inches or less than 0.16 inches. Knife edges on the sealing surfaces pressed against soft metal gaskets can form vacuum seals. The thin flange can include a feature such as an inward-facing mounting groove, a threaded mounting bore, and/or an electrical feed-through.

Abstract: A clamping system for high or ultra-high vacuum system components including a clamping member surrounding a flange of the vacuum system component. A bead along the inside diameter of the clamping member engages a groove in the peripheral surface of the flange. When a clamping force is applied to the clamping member, as by a bolt, the force is transmitted to the flange providing sufficient clamping force to form a vacuum seal.

Abstract: A clamping system for high or ultra-high vacuum system components including a clamping member surrounding a flange of the vacuum system component. A bead along the inside diameter of the clamping member engages a groove in the peripheral surface of the flange. When a clamping force is applied to the clamping member, as by a bolt, the force is transmitted to the flange providing sufficient clamping force to form a vacuum seal.

Abstract: A clamping system for high or ultra-high vacuum system components including a clamping member surrounding a flange of the vacuum system component. A bead along the inside diameter of the clamping member engages a groove in the peripheral surface of the flange. When a clamping force is applied to the clamping member, as by a bolt, the force is transmitted to the flange providing sufficient clamping force to form a vacuum seal.

Abstract: A system for coupling ultra-high vacuum components specifically where a component is inserted between two standard thickness flanges. This system will minimize the length that is added onto a vacuum system when a component is added. The invention is a relatively thin flange including two sealing surfaces separated by a thin web. The thin flange of the present invention may be configured to mount a variety of equipment within a vacuum system, and/or provide connection between the interior of the vacuum system and the outside environment, such as electrical connection or fluid connection.

Abstract: A perimeter weld flange comprising an inner and external perimeter wall surface and a perimeter weld lip on said flange for welding said flange onto a receiving surface. The perimeter weld flange herein is particularly suitable for weldable metal-gasketed ultra-high vacuum joints, and is also conveniently welded onto tubes, cones, ellipsoids, plates and other shapes, including even irregular shapes, in addition to spheres.

Abstract: An improved all-metal coupler for coupling vacuum components. The coupler comprises a hollow tube terminating at each end in a flange. At least one of the flanged ends comprises a plurality of radially outwardly extending tabs or lugs for accommodating the bolt holes. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the coupler is machined from a unitary piece of metal.

Abstract: A vacuum port manifold having a plurality of ports each having a planar sealing surface comprises a unitary construction derived from an intermediate unitary structure having a compound curved surface at least in part. The planar sealing surfaces are formed by machining selected planes across the compound curved surface.

Abstract: An improved method for manufacturing a vacuum port manifold having a plurality of ports each having a planar sealing surface derived from an intermediate unitary structure having a compound curved surface at least in part. The planar sealing surfaces are formed by machining selected planes across the corresponding compound curved surface.

Abstract: A mounting system for attaching internal apparatus within a vacuum system comprises a mounting assembly for engaging the side wall surfaced of circumferential grooves formed in the internal wall surface of a vacuum joint flange. The mounting assembly comprises an arcuate shaped metal piece having a slit or saw kerf formed in its outer circumferential surface and defining a pair of arcuate shaped engagement webs, each of which is dimensioned to engage the circumferential grooves formed in the inner side wall surface of the flange. A set screw urges the webs into engagement with the side walls defining the grooves.