Abstract: A fluidized bed apparatus having a gas distribution plate containing a plurality of tuyeres, which tuyeres provide a uniform gas flow from the gas chamber of the apparatus to the reactor chamber of the apparatus and prevents particulate matter of the fluidized bed from backsifting from the fluid bed chamber through the gas distribution plate to the gas chamber. The tuyeres are secured in openings in the gas distribution plate and comprise a porous plate and preferably a perforated plate superposed within a flanged two-component structure which two components are screwed together or otherwise secured together to form the tuyere.

Abstract: A compact concentric-tube catalytic reaction apparatus for converting distillable hydrocarbon feedstock or methanol to useful industrial gases, such as hydrogen and carbon monoxide, comprises an annular reaction chamber concentrically disposed around an internal burner chamber. An infrared burner assembly vertically disposed within the burner chamber provides a uniformly radiating source for heat transfer to the reaction chamber. The burner chamber employs a convective section of enhanced thermal efficiency. The present invention eliminates the problems of flame impingement and local heat maldistribution associated with compact designs employing flame burners directly radiating to the reaction chamber wall.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of low-level heat in steam reforming plants by saturating a hydrocarbon gas feed stock with process condensate in a system comprising:(a) injection of process condensate through multiple nozzles into a tubular coil containing multiple streams of hydrocarbon gas feedstock;(b) vaporization of all or part of process condensate by the concurrent heating of the two-phase mixture of hydrocarbon feedstock and liquid in the tubular coil by heat transfer from a low-level heat source such as reformer furnace flue gas or shift reactor effluent;(c) separation of the saturated hydrocarbon gas from any excess liquid condensate, with delivery of the saturated hydrocarbon gas to a steam reforming unit and recycle of excess liquid condensate to the process condensate system.

Abstract: A system for purifying hydrogen rich gas, or other gases, employs a control vessel incorporating structure including rotary means operating in conjunction with satellite adsorber vessels, for controlling adsorption, de-pressurization, purging and re-pressurization.

Abstract: Apparatus and method are provided to achieve efficient on-line sampling of hot effluent gases from high temperature reactors. A heated transfer valve is movable between sampling and injection positions to control carrier gas and sample gas flow to a chromatograph.