Abstract: A two-axes MEMS magnetometer includes, in one plane, a freestanding rectangular frame having inner walls and four torsion springs, wherein opposing inner walls of the frame are contacted by one end of only two torsion springs, each torsion spring being anchored by its other end, towards the center of the frame, to a substrate. In operation, the magnetometer measures the magnetic field in two orthogonal sensing modes using differential capacitance measurements.

Abstract: The peak detection method using blind source separation extracts true peaks from noisy peaks in a more robust way that does not require any a priori information. Information regarding true peak location is obtained by thresholding the output of a wavelet transform. The value of the threshold is dependent on noise variance. While noise variance is normally unknown, the present method implements a blind source separation technique to calculate the noise variance. The blind source separation technique does not require information of the incoming signal or the channel noise, and hence is suitable for CR (cognitive radio) peak detection.