Abstract: A process for the manufacture of ethanol or a like volatile organic compound by fermenting a carbohydrate with a micro-organism which will convert the carbohydrate into ethanol or a like volatile organic compound, continuously transferring a portion of the fermentation medium to a separator where ethanol or the like volatile organic compound is evaporated from the fermentation medium at a temperature which is not deleterious to the micro-organism by subjecting the fermentation medium to a reduced pressure and recycling part or all of the remaining fermentation medium to the fermenter, the rate of the circulation of fermentation medium from the fermenter to the separator and back being such that the amount of ethanol or like volatile organic compound in the fermentation medium in the fermenter is kept sufficiently low so as not to detrimentally affect the rate of fermentation, compressing the vapor issuing from the separator thereby raising its temperature, and recondensing the compressed vapor in a heat trans

Abstract: A rail clip assembly comprises a body for overlying a portion of a rail and for overlying an adjacent portion of a rail support means, the body having a first surface for abutment with a lateral face of the rail and an aperture for receiving means for securing the body to the rail support means, the aperture being elongate in a direction inclined at an acute angle to the direction of extent of the rail, and securing means including a first securing member for overlying the body and having an aperture therein for alignment with the aperture in the body and for receiving a second securing member which extends therethrough and through the elongate aperture in the body, the first securing member having a surface which in use abuts a second surface of the body in all positions of the body relative to the securing means for transmitting laterally directed forces applied by the rail to the body from the body to the first securing member, the second surface of the body extending in a plane inclined to the rail suppor

Abstract: A rail clip assembly for securing for example a crane rail to a girder, comprises a first part to be securely attached, e.g. by welding or bolting, to the planar surface of the girder adjacent the rail, and a second part to be fixed to the first part independently of attachment of the first part to the girder. The second part has a lateral surface for abutment with a lateral face of the rail and the parts have laterally directed cooperating surfaces by which forces applied by the rail to the clip assembly are transmitted via the second part to the first part of the clip assembly. The cooperating surfaces are inclined to the direction of extent of the rail and the second part has an elongate aperture for receiving the fixing means which is elongate in the same direction to permit relative adjustment movement between the parts while maintaining the cooperating surfaces in contact.