Abstract: A transducer combining a force or strain or both sensor in a common housing with a structure-borne noise sensor and responsive to transmissions at a common mounting surface of the housing. The transducer may be in a force transducer, a surface strain transducer, or a screw strain transducer.

Abstract: A transducer element for measuring angular and linear accelerations including a pair of electromechanically reacting oscillating beams held symmetrical to a main axis y on a base plate by fixing elements. The electrical output signals proportional to the flexure of the beams under rotation about the y axis are provided to a signal processing circuit, which is designed so that with similar or dissimilar polarity of the oscillating beams a summing amplifier determines the linear acceleration along the z axis and a differential amplifier the angular acceleration about the y axis. The oscillating beams may be piezoelectric bending elements, or bending elements coated with piezoresistive semiconductors, or else provided with strain gauges.

Abstract: A piezoelectric strain/force transducer is described, which is attached preferably by only one locking screw to a test specimen or machine part. The force transmitting member of the transducer comprises two bearing surfaces at a distance apart, which bear frictionally on the surface of the machine part and experience a change in spacing in the case of a change in length of the machine part. Due to this, a resilient member, which can be adapted to a desired sensitivity of the gauge, is tensioned and a set of piezoelectric plates held under precompression in the force-transmitting member are subjected to a corresponding shearing force. The piezoelectric plates are cut or polarized so that they respond piezoelectrically solely to shearing forces. The resulting piezoelectric charge is a measurement of the strain or mechanical stress of the machine part and can be used for monitoring or controlling machines or components, in particular those which are subjected to cyclic loads.