Abstract: The present inventors improved methods for inactivating Japanese encephalitis virus vaccines, and assessed the safety of vaccines produced by combining multiple vaccines. The present inventors successfully produced safer Japanese encephalitis vaccines by cell culture, which can be stored more stably over a long period than conventional Japanese encephalitis vaccines. Furthermore, it is also expected that the production methods can be used to produce other viral vaccines with excellent storage stability.

Abstract: Immunity against protozoan is conferred on an animal by a method comprising orally administering to an animal a transformed plant cell comprising a polynucleotide encoding a protective antigen against protozoiasis development, a transformed plant or its progeny or clone comprising the transformed cell, a propagation material of the plant or its progeny or clone, a processed material or extract of the above cell, plant, or its progeny or clone, or propagation material, or a protective antigen against protozoiasis development isolated from the transformed plant cell or the transformed plant or its progeny or clone.

Abstract: An objective of the present invention is to provide a whole-cell bacterial vaccine composition for preventing whooping cough caused by Bordetella parapertussis, comprising whole cells, whole-cell homogenate, or cell lysate of B. parapertussis as an immunogen, and methods for producing them.