Abstract: A calender wherein the bearings for the end portions of the uppermost roll carry pressure transducers in the form of inflatable plenum chambers or hydraulic cylinder and piston units operable to bear against the lower end faces of vertical feed screws which are axially movably mounted in the support to move the bearings through distances of up to 800 mm. The pressure transducers can shift the bearings for the uppermost roll through distances of up to 25 mm, and they are movable transversely of the respective feed screws or vice versa to compensate for manufacturing tolerances, wear and/or unequal stresses. The lowermost roll is normally held at a predetermined level by a pair of fluid-operated motors which urge the respective bearings against the undersides of stops provided therefor on the support.

Abstract: A calender roll whose shell consists of ferromagnetic material is heated by several groups of electromagnets which are mounted within the shell on a stationary carrier and whose pole shoes are adjacent to the internal surface of the shell. The temperature of the external surface of the shell is monitored at several locations as considered in the axial direction of the roll, and the resulting signals are compared with reference signals denoting the optimum or desired temperatures at such locations. Signals denoting the differences between the actual temperature signals and desired temperature signals are used to regulate the characteristics of electric current which is supplied to the windings of the electromagnets. Each electromagnet of each group can be regulated independently of all other electromagnets. Alternatively, two or more electromagnets of each group or entire groups of electromagnets may be regulated simultaneously. Additional electromagnets are provided to heat the end portions of the shell.

Abstract: A calender roll wherein a stationary shaft is spacedly surrounded by a cylindrical shell and carries a row of bearing elements which are movable by pairs of cylinder and piston units and have convex surfaces formed with pairs of fluid-filled pockets adjacent to the internal surface of the shell. Each pocket receives pressurized hydraulic fluid from the cylinder chamber of a different unit, and the cylinder and piston units for each bearing element are adjacent to each other, as considered in the circumferential direction of the shell. Those portions of the pockets which are remotest from a symmetry plane including the axis of the shell and extending between the pockets of each pair are bounded by arcuate lands. The lands which extend circumferentially of the shell are parallel to each other, and the pockets of each pair are separated from each other by a land which is halved by the symmetry plane.

Abstract: A calender wherein the lowermost roll of the roll train has a hollow cylindrical member spacedly surrounding a shaft-like carrier whose end portions are mounted in bearings movable up and down along guide rails on the stand. The end portions of the cylindrical member contain inserts serving to confine the cylindrical member to vertical reciprocatory movements relative to the carrier. The cylindrical member further contains a battery of cylinder and piston units which maintain the cylindrical member in an upper end position relative to the carrier. Additional cylinder and piston units maintain the carrier in an upper end position relative to the stand by urging shoulders which are provided on the bearings against stationary stops on the stand.

Abstract: A calender wherein the uppermost and lowermost rolls of the roll train have hollow cylindrical members with inserts which cooperate with corresponding shaft-like carriers to confine the cylindrical members to vertical movements relative to their carriers. The end portions of the carriers are mounted in bearings which are movable along vertical guides in the stand of the calender. The cylindrical members contain rows of hydraulic cylinder and piston units which urge the cylindrical members against the neighboring rolls of the roll train, and the inserts in one of the cylindrical members cooperate with the corresponding carrier to hold the respective cylindrical member against movement from a fixed end position which the cylindrical member assumes when the calender is in use.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method and apparatus for the compression treatment of a material web in a calender or the like, wherein the pressure in the roller nip can be precisely set and regulated by the comparison between the set point value and the actual value of the pressure in the roller nip. The actual pressure is determined by a pressure measuring element mounted on a piston supported against the rollers of the calender or in the bearings of such a roller, taking into consideration the weight of the directly supported roller.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for leveling the surface of a strip of paper. The apparatus has at least two rollers forming a roller pair, which can be pressed against the strip of paper guided between them with an adjustable force by means of a load device. At least one roller may have a surface which can be influenced by means of a temperature device.

Abstract: An apparatus for continuously treating strand-like textile material includes a cubic or quadratic liquid container, and an endless chain which is guided in the vicinity of the container bottom and the container end walls and is provided with transverse rods or bars of greater width than that of the textile strand to be treated. The apparatus further includes an air permeable and liquid permeable stationary support or overlay which is inclined relative to the horizontal from the textile strand inlet or entry side to the textile strand outlet or discharge side of the container. The apparatus also includes a pair of rails in the vicinity of the container bottom for the transverse rods or bars, of the endless chain, moved thereon, and upwardly directed nozzles located below the support or overlay, as well as a device for generating the transverse flow.

Abstract: A calender wherein the end portions of the lowermost roll of the roll train was mounted for movement along vertical guide rails on the stand. The lowermost roll is movable upwardly by two upright hydrostatic cylinder and piston units with plungers whose axes are coplanar with the axis of the lowermost roll. When the cylinder and piston units lift the lowermost roll to operative position, shoulders on the bearings abut against stationary stops on the stand and the stops are disposed only at one side of the common plane of the aforementioned axes so that the bearings tend to jam against the adjacent portions of the guide rails as soon as the shoulders engage the respective stops. The jamming action is enhanced if the stops are remote from the aforementioned plane and if the guide rails have T-shaped heads which are slidable in complementary T-shaped grooves of the bearings. The stops are installed at the level of the axis of the lowermost roll.

Abstract: A rotary pressure applying roll which defines with a parallel complementary roll a nip for a running web of paper, textile or other flexible sheet material in a calender or the like has a cylindrical shell surrounding a stationary carrier in the form of a rigid shaft. A bearing element is installed between the shell and the carrier and several hydraulic pressure generating devices are mounted between the carrier and the bearing element to urge the latter against the internal surface of the shell. The pressure generating devices are spaced apart from each other, as considered in the circumferential direction of the shell, and the cylinder chamber of each such device can receive pressurized hydraulic fluid at a different pressure. The axis of a main pressure generating device is normally located in the common plane of the axes of the shell and of the complementary roll.

Abstract: A calendering machine or a similar machine which has a plurality of treating rollers arranged one above the other and movable in the vertical direction includes a structural unit for rapidly displacing the lowermost roller between its lifted position in which the rollers form treating nips with one another, and a lower position in which the rollers are spaced apart and define gaps between each other. The structural unit is connected to the bearing block of the lowermost roller and incorporates guides, upward movement limiting abutment surfaces for the bearing block, and a hydraulic cylinder-and-piston unit acting on the bearing block from below to displace the bearing block to its lifted position upon introduction of pressurized hydraulic fluid medium into its working chamber, and to permit the bearing to rapidly descend to its lower position upon discharge of the hydraulic fluid medium from its working chamber.

Abstract: A sealing arrangement for the inlet and outlet opening of a vessel for continuous treatment, under pressure, of a textile web which is passed over at least one roller within the vessel is disclosed. The sealing arrangement includes at least one seal element having endwise faces which are in contact with side members of a pair of oppositely disposed side members, which in turn are secured to lateral walls of the vessel, each of the side members being in sealing contact with the roller and the adjacent walls of the vessel. The side members are composed of a resiliently compressible material of construction which can be resiliently compressed at least in the direction of extension of the longitudinal central axis of the roller. The seal element is carried by a retaining bar, which has ends which are in sealing contact with the side members. The retaining bar is sealingly engageable with a traverse member extending along a longitudinal edge of the vessel opening.

Abstract: The lowermost roll of a row of superimposed rolls in the stand of a calender is movable downwardly at a continuously increasing speed through a first distance which suffices to increase the width of clearances between neighboring rolls in the event of breakage of the running web so that the rolls cannot damage each other, and thereupon through a second distance which is at least 50 percent of the first distance. The lowermost roll is braked only during movement through the second distance so that the first distance can be covered, under the action of gravity alone or under the action of gravity plus the action of several double-acting hydraulic cylinders, within a fraction of the time which is required for adequate separation of rolls in a calendar wherein the lowermost roll must be braked during travel through the first distance.

Abstract: A roll which can be used in a calender to bear upon a web of textile material, paper or the like while the web travels between the peripheral surface of a floating shell of the roll and a counterroll. The shell surrounds a non-rotatable shaft which carries several rows of discrete electromagnets extending in parallelism with the axis of the shaft and along an arc of at least 200 degrees, as considered in the circumferential direction of the shaft. The electromagnets can be energized to a different extent so as to subject the magnetizable material of the shell to forces of different magnitude and to thus counteract the tendency of the shell to undergo deformation in response to the action of forces which act radially of the shell or which tend to impart to the shell vibratory movements. Additional electromagnets can be provided to cooperate with a radially inwardly extending flange at one end of the shell to hold the latter against excessive movements from an optimum axial position.

Abstract: An endless pressing-on and guiding belt including a belt piece having its end faces joined together, for textile treating devices, especially transfer printing machines and steaming calenders, with a rotary drum having a longitudinal section of the endless belt partially looped therearound while textile material to be treated is interposed between the drum and the belt, the latter being heated on the drum. The endless belt includes a fabric with a bronze-solid wire warp and a weft of a metallic nickel-alloy solid wire with the bronze solid wire warp extending in the longitudinal direction of the belt.

Abstract: A device for subjecting web-shaped textile material to a wet pre-treatment in a damper while passing the textile material along a zig-zag path over rollers alternatingly pertaining to one of two substantially parallel vertical rows of rollers, and through a take off or plaiting device. The dry or squeeze-wet textile material is passed through a vacuum and directly subsequently thereto through a treatment bath. Thereupon, the thus treated textile material is withdrawn from the treatment bath and is passed into a damper where it is plaited for from 8 to 20 minutes (abgetafelt).

Abstract: A rotary cylinder for use in a calender has a roller with a hollow cylindrical sleeve and two trunnions secured to the end portions of the sleeve. The roller contains a coaxial displacing component which defines with the sleeve an annular clearance for the flow of a cooling or heating fluid, such fluid being admitted through one of the trunnions and being evacuated through the one or the other trunnion. One or more prestressed elastic cushions are interposed between the displacing component and the roller to compensate for and to counteract eventual radial and or axial movements of a portion of or the entire displacing component as a result or unequal heating or cooling of the roller and displacing component. A single cushion may constitute a hollow conical frustum or a hollow cylinder. If the roller contains several cushions, such cushions may constitute discrete disks or ribs which are integral with the displacing component and contact the internal surface of the sleeve.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for wet treatment, especially treating with lye solution and mercerizing, of knitted tubular goods. According to the method, the tube is passed through the space between adjacent rollers. A longitudinal movement is imparted to one of the two respectively straight portions of the cross section of the tube, while a transverse movement is imparted to the other straight section. The apparatus for carrying out this method is a foulard having driven rollers, at least some of which are constantly movable in an axial direction, which is transverse to the longitudinal movement of the tube, successive axially movable rollers having a progressively delayed axial movement.

Abstract: A device for wet treating, especially dyeing and impregnating, a textile web in a continuous manner, which comprises a liquid receiving and containing vat and a deviating drum or roller immersing into the vat and adapted to have looped around its respective lower section the textile web to be treated. The deviating roller or drum is hollow and free from axle journals. Above the respective upper circumferential section of the deviating roller and symmetrically arranged with regard to the longitudinal central plane of the deviating roller there are rolls engaged by the deviating roller in the floating working position of the deviating roller.

Abstract: A device for pre-treating and post-treating a textile web, especially knitted goods, by means of two at least nearly vertical rows of deviating drums or rollers which are arranged one above the other and over which textile webs are passed in a zigzag fashion from below upwardly while the drums of one row are offset as to height relative to the drums of the other row by about the deviating drum diameter.