Abstract: A tester for backlash-free rolling of gears with a mating gear generally comprises a base, a stationary spindle on which a test gear can be mounted and which can be driven by a motor; an oscillating slide on which a rotary mounting device is located with an axis of rotation for loosely rotating the mating gear and which slide being guided for easy movement in the direction of the center distance of the two gears; first means for setting a specified test center distance between the two gears; second means providing a specifiable test force for a constant tight mesh of the two gears; and third means for measuring center distance variations during the rotation of two gears. To simplify and reduce design costs of such testers, the stationary part of a linear motor is disposed on the base and the moveable part thereof is disposed to the oscillating slide, and an associated separate CNC control is provided to allow the linear motor to be used for said three means.

Abstract: A device aids the setter of a cutter head for cutting, e.g., milling or hobbing, of spiral bevel gears to align all rod-shaped blades with their tip cutting edges to an axial height which is as uniform as possible and to move them with their profile cutting edges to a correct radial position in the cutter head so that uniform chip removal can take place. The device has a stable arm which can be moved numerically controlled axially and radially to the cutter head, with positions which are continuously measured and with which each individual blade can be automatically pushed into its chamber in the cutter head. A probe which is connected to the arm measures the axial height of the tip cutting edge of each blade before, during and shortly after each blade is pushed in.

Abstract: A scanning head for completely measuring gears and gearlike workpieces on numerically controlled measuring instruments must also posses 3-D properties for scanning unknown contours. To that end, the scanning pin or probe must deflect of its own accord in the currently prevailing direction normal to the contour being scanned. Only those scanning heads, whose behavior is statically and dynamically the same in all arbitrary deflection directions, can do this. The new scanning head achieves this by providing, for the three spatial coordinates X, Y, Z, two leaf spring parallelograms (1, 2) attached one behind the other to the stationary scanning head base (4). The first parallelogram (1), which is pivotable about the horizontal axis, permits deflections of the scanning pin carrier (3) in the XZ plane and the second parallelogram (2) permits deflections in the Y direction.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of grinding bevel gear teeth in an intermittent indexing process using a single grinding wheel provided with different bevel angles (.alpha.) to produce the desired grinding wheel radii (R): one flank is machined during grinding in downward generation as far as a first turning point, another flank is produced in upward generation as far as a second turning point, and machine settings are so adjusted in the turning points as to ensure a correct pressure angle and correct flank topography during the generating process, irrespective of the different bevel angles (.alpha.). The process combines the advantages of the known completing process, by which both flanks can be ground at the same time at the cost of imposing a particular wheel body geometry with conical teeth, with those of the known two-track process for grinding both flanks with a double grinding head, by which various additional correction factors can be introduced to optimize the flank shape for convex and concave flanks.

Abstract: In a process for finishing the hardened teeth of a bevel gear wheel by grinding after hardening, the ground teeth are fine- honed, this procedure being carried out in the same chucking as the preceding grinding. A machine especially suitable for this procedure has a chucking device for the bevel gear wheel (12) and a double machining head for mounting two machining tools, namely a grinding wheel (26) and a honing wheel (28). The bevel gear wheel (12) to be machined is preferably a pinion, and accordingly the honing wheel (28) is a bevel gear-type machining tool. Pairing the ground and honed pinion (12) with a bevel gear which has been only ground results in a good noise standard, and the lapping required for hypoid gears manufactured in the traditional way, with its associated drawbacks, is unnecessary.

Abstract: A CNC machine for producing spiral-toothed bevel gears is described, which has a first carriage supporting a tool spindle and is displaceable in height, and whose guide is disposed on a lateral surface of a machine housing, which is horizontally guided in a straight coordinate axis on a machine base. The tool spindle axis is parallel with the lateral surface and with the coordinate axis. Furthermore, the machine has a workpiece spindle support having a second carriage and a pivoting device with a vertical axis and is also horizontally guided on the machine base. The parallel arrangement of the tool spindle axis results in a new machine concept with a compact structure and optimal chip flow. Therefore the machine is particularly suited for heavy-duty dry milling. Since the tool spindle is not located above the area of the machine having a horizontal guide, it is possible to arrange a chip collector underneath the tool spindle, which can be reached by the chips essentially under the force of gravity.

Abstract: The scanning head according to the invention has the horizontal main axis (1) and is provided for numerically controlled gear measuring devices. Its feeler (2) is guided by a linear slide (4) and the latter is guided by a leaf spring parallelogram (11, 12, 13, 14) in the two coordinate directions (6) and (16). Mechanical devices (8) and (18) hold the feeler in a definite central position from which it can be deflected with the same measuring force in both the positive and negative coordinate directions. A centrally located two-dimensional ruled grating scale (10) detects all deflections of the feeler in the plane spanned by the two coordinates. To adjust the third coordinate direction, a pivot mechanism (3) is used, with a roller bearing (2) being provided for weight balance for the leaf spring parallelogram, the outer ring of the bearing being suspended by at least two springs (21, 22) on a fixed part (23) above the scanning head.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing continuous corrections on a bevel gear, whereby by entering a plurality of corrections into the CNC control of the machine and interpolation between them, camber designs and even the designs of twists or the avoidance of twists on the tooth flanks can be performed by suitable superimposition of corrections on the inner and outer tooth tips with corrections of the plunger position.

Abstract: A numerically controlled machine for processing printed circuit boards, including a workpiece holder and at least one operating unit that includes a motor arbor with an exchangeable tool, and a feed mechanism with a drive motor, a control mechanism, and a first movement-measuring system. For each operating unit, there is provided a respective second movement-measuring system that is disposed thereon, and a respective reference measuring point on the workpiece holder, with the aid of which there can be measured a distance between a tip of the tool and an abutment surface of the operating unit that rests upon a workpiece during a processing operation. Prescribed drilling depths are correctable in the control mechanism of the feed mechanism via the measured distance value. This compensation of respective tolerance values is effected independently for each operating unit.

Abstract: A length-measuring probe for gear measurement. The probe comprises a planar four-bar-guide with four hinges, each formed by plate springs; a stylus linearly guided by the bar-guide; a device for measuring the displacement of the stylus; and an additional coil spring which is adjustably arranged between the respective bars of each hinge in such a way that the plate springs are prestressed by a tensile force which decreases when the plate springs are deflected in either direction.

Abstract: A device for checking involutes and helix angles of cylindrical gears by electronically compensating for mechanical errors, which includes a mechanically operating transmission chain, especially a rolling transmission, a sine bar, a sliding block linkage and/or a lever transmission, which transmission chain guides a measuring feeler relative to a gear to be checked on the required reference curve. The device furthermore includes one length pick-up each at both ends of the transmission chain for measuring their respective motions, a computer unit for multiplying the signal of one of the length pick-ups with the put-in rated transmission ratio of the transmission chain and for subtracting the multiplied signal from the signal of the other length pick-up, and also includes a device for subtracting with the proper prefix + or - the thus formed difference signal as correction value from the measured value of the measuring feeler.

Abstract: A feeler for measuring lengths operable in a controlled measuring direction provided as an additional device for two-coordinates measuring heads. The feeler includes a feeler lever which has one end designed as a circular feeler tip for feeling engagement with the workpiece to be measured. The feeler is mounted in a bi-valent joint on a base plate carried by the measuring head which joint permits a displacement of the feeler tip in the measuring plane in any desired direction. The other end of the feeler lever is linked to a straight line guide which is mounted on a disc arranged on the base plate so as to be rotatable by any desired angle about an axis extending in a direction perpendicular to the measuring plane. At the above mentioned other end the feeler lever is subjected to a measuring force which acts in the direction of the straight line guide. The disc has connected thereto an indicator for measuring the displacement of the above mentioned other end.