Abstract: Systems for determining a variability in a state of a medium include one or more transmit elements or antennas and one or more receive elements or antennas which are relatively decoupled from one another. The transmit and receive elements or antennas can be less than 95% coupled to one another. The system also includes a transmit circuit configured to generate a transmit signal to be transmitted, which is in a radio or microwave frequency range of the electromagnetic spectrum. The system also includes a receive circuit configured to receive a response detected by the at least one receive antenna resulting from transmission of the transmit signal into the medium. The system includes a processor configured to determine the variability in the state of the medium based on processing of the response over time. The variability can further be used to direct notifications or automated actions.

Abstract: A non-invasive analyte sensor includes a receive side with a superheterodyne circuit. The superheterodyne circuit include a mixer with an input that is electrically connected to a receive antenna, and a radio frequency generator connected to another input of the mixer and that is configured to generate a radio frequency signal. The mixer outputs a signal that is based on a frequency of a signal received by the receive antenna and the frequency of the signal generated by the radio frequency generator.

Abstract: Sensors that detect an analyte via spectroscopic techniques using non-optical frequencies such as in the radio or microwave frequency range of the electromagnetic spectrum or optical frequencies in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum. An analyte sensor described herein includes a detector array having at least one transmit element and at least one receive element. The transmit element and the receive element can be antennas or light emitting elements such as light emitting diodes. The sensor is controlled to implement first and second frequency sweeps and the frequency sweeps have at least one overlapping range of frequencies where the operation times are the same between the first and second frequency sweeps.

Abstract: Methods of using a system for real-time monitoring of blood glucose levels and other analyte levels to reduce the risk of surgical complications. The system includes an apparatus for generating radio frequency scanning data which includes a transmitter for transmitting radio waves below the skin surface of a person and a two-dimensional array of receive antennas for receiving the radio waves, including a portion of the transmitted radio waves that interact with a blood vessel of the person. The wave signal is compared to known standard waveforms, and similar waveforms are input into a machine learning algorithm to determine one or more health parameters of the person. The apparatus is used to collect glucose waveform data. A second apparatus is used to collect waveform data on another analyte. The glucose waveform is analyzed to determine the patient's blood glucose level. The system reports risks associated with the patient's glucose level.

Abstract: A system which includes an apparatus for generating radio frequency scanning data which includes a transmitter for transmitting radio waves below the skin surface of a person and a two-dimensional array of receive antennas for receiving the radio waves, including a reflected portion of the transmitted radio waves that is reflected from a blood vessel of the person. The wave signal is compared to known standard waveforms, and similar waveforms are input into a machine learning algorithm to determine one or more health parameters of the person. The system then notifies the person and/or health professionals of the person's health status. The health parameters can be used to trigger other software and hardware modules such as another measurement device, a medication scheduler or alert, medical recommendations, guidance software, a virtual assistant, or any other hardware and/or software which may help the patient or health professionals.

Abstract: A non-invasive analyte sensor includes one or more temperatures sensors that sense the temperatures of one or more components of the analyte sensor. The sensed temperature(s) can be used to post-process (i.e. correct) the data collected by the analyte sensor and/or used to adjust operation of the analyte sensor.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems and methods of analyzing an in vitro flowing fluid using an in vitro sensor that operates using non-optical frequencies such as in the radio or microwave frequency bands of the electromagnetic spectrum. The in vitro sensor directs one or more signals that are in the radio or microwave frequency bands of the electromagnetic spectrum into an in vitro flowing fluid and detects one or more responses that result from transmission of the signal(s) into the in vitro flowing fluid.

Abstract: An enhanced SPO2 measuring device which includes an optical SPO2 measurement subsystem, an RF SPO2 measurement subsystem, and an integration module that provides at least one of the following functions: a fusion module in which the optical data and RF data are fused to create new SPO2 data: a machine learning module that enhances the final SPO2 measurements; or an accuracy module that provides more accurate SPO2 data.

Abstract: A non-invasive analyte sensor device that includes a sensor housing, and a decoupled antenna/detector array having at least one transmit antenna/element and at least one receive antenna/element. The sensor housing has a maximum length dimension no greater than 50 mm, a maximum width dimension no greater than 50 mm, a maximum thickness dimension no greater than 25 mm, and a total interior volume of no greater than about 62.5 cm3. In addition, the at least one transmit antenna/element and the at least one receive antenna/element have a maximum spacing therebetween that does not exceed 50 mm and a minimum spacing therebetween that is at least 1.0 mm, and the at least one transmit antenna/element and the at least one receive antenna/element are less than 95% coupled to one another, or less than 90% coupled to one another, or less than 85% coupled to one another, or less than 75% coupled to one another.

Abstract: A method for providing notification regarding one or more analytes includes detecting an amount of each of the one or more analytes using a non-invasive sensor, determining a notification to present based on the amount of at least one of the one or more analytes and notification criteria using a processor, and sending an instruction directing presentation of the notification. The method can further include presenting the notification. The notification can include vibration, sound, or visible components such as light, text, or images. The notification criteria can include upper thresholds, lower thresholds, or the analyte being within or outside of bounded ranges. Systems performing the method can include the sensor and optionally one or more of a mobile device and a remote server, and the notification can be presented in a device including the sensor or a separate device such as the mobile device.

Abstract: A method of operating a sensor system for detecting one or more analytes in a target includes preparing for an analyte scan of the target, generating an analyte scan that includes one or more frequencies in a radio or microwave range of the electromagnetic spectrum, and controlling a non-invasive sensor to implement the analyte scan of the target using. One or more of implementing a warm-up preparatory scan and/or detecting for external signal interference and the analyte scan being generated based on the detection for the external signal interference. A sensor system includes a non-invasive sensor and a controller for the non-invasive sensor. A sensor system includes a non-invasive sensor and one or more auxiliary sensors communicatively connected to the non-invasive sensor.

Abstract: Methods for determining variability in a state of a medium, include monitoring the medium and determining the variability in the state of the medium based on the processing of the response over time based on the response detected at the at least one receive element over time. Monitoring the medium can include generating a transmit signal, transmitting it into the medium using a transmit element, and receiving a signal from the medium at a receive element. The transmit and receive elements can be decoupled from one another. The transmit and receive elements can have differing geometry. The determined variability in the state of the medium can be used to provide notifications and/or take automated actions.

Abstract: An analyte sensor that detects an analyte via spectroscopic techniques using frequencies in the radio or microwave frequency range of the electromagnetic spectrum. The analyte sensor is configured to permit adjustment of the position(s) of one or more transmit components and/or the position(s) of one or more receive components. Adjusting position (or the like) as used in the description and claims includes changing an angle of the transmit component(s) and/or the receive component(s), and/or moving the transmit component(s) and/or the receive component(s) in one or more X, Y, Z directions, and/or changing a shape of the transmit component(s) and/or the receive component(s), and any combinations thereof.

Abstract: Systems for determining a variability in a state of a medium include one or more transmit elements or antennas and one or more receive elements or antennas which are relatively decoupled from one another. The transmit and receive elements or antennas can be less than 95% coupled to one another. The system also includes a transmit circuit configured to generate a transmit signal to be transmitted, which is in a radio or microwave frequency range of the electromagnetic spectrum. The system also includes a receive circuit configured to receive a response detected by the at least one receive antenna resulting from transmission of the transmit signal into the medium. The system includes a processor configured to determine the variability in the state of the medium based on processing of the response over time. The variability can further be used to direct notifications or automated actions.

Abstract: Consumable and replaceable light bulbs that emit white light to provide ambient lighting and also emit UV light for pathogen inactivation. The white light and the UV light may be emitted simultaneously or the light bulb can be controlled to emit the white light and the UV light at separate times. The UV light emitted by the light bulbs has a wavelength and output power that is safe for humans and pets and the UV light inactivates pathogens over relatively prolonged exposure periods. The light bulbs described herein can be used in place of conventional light bulbs, for example in a room of a home, office building or other human occupied space. Humans can remain in the space when the light bulb(s) is on without being harmed by the UV light.

Abstract: A highly accurate glucose sensor that detects glucose by transmitting and receiving sensing signals in a radio or microwave frequency range of the electromagnetic spectrum is provided. The glucose sensor has at least two antennas at least one of which operates as a transmit antenna to transmit one or more of the sensing signals and at least one of which operates as a receive antenna, and the glucose sensor has a mean absolute relative difference (MARD) value of about 5.0% to about 9.9%, or of about 5.0% to about 7.0%, or of about 5.0%.

Abstract: Analyte sensing and response systems include a sensor detecting one or more analytes in a medium. The sensor uses decoupled transmit and receive elements or antennas to transmit a signal into the medium, and receive a response to the transmitted signal. An action that is based on the detection of the analyte is generated which can directly or indirectly affect the detected analyte in the medium. The action is automatically performed. The action can be increasing or decreasing flow from a source of the analyte, or of a chemical compound interacting with the analyte. An example of the action is controlling an insulin pump, where the analyte is glucose.