Abstract: Disclosed is a catalyst for methanation reaction producing methane with high conversion by reaction of hydrogen with carbon dioxide, or a gas mixture of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, or a gas mixture containing these compounds as the main components. The catalyst is prepared by the steps of mixing (A) aqueous zirconia sol with salts of (B) stabilizing element(s), which is selected from the group consisting of Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Ca and Mg, and (C) iron group element(s), drying and calcining the mixture to obtain a catalyst precursor, and subsequent reduction of the precursor. The catalyst comprises, by atomic %, A: 18-70%, B: 1-20% and C: 25-80% based on the elemental states of the metals. The catalyst is characterized by multiple oxide of tetragonal zirconia structure, in which not only the stabilizing element(s) but also a part of the iron group element(s) is incorporated, and on which the iron group element(s) in the metallic state is supported.

Abstract: Disclosed is an anode for electrochemical reactions, such as electrolysis and electrodeposition, comprising a titanium substrate covered with metal oxide, in which the amount of platinum group element(s) is decreased in comparison with the ordinary anode of platinum group element oxides so as to decrease the cost and to mitigate the problem of natural resources, and further, durability of the anode is improved. The electrocatalyst of the anode is multiple oxide of platinum group element(s), and Sn and Sb. The cationic ratio of Sn to Sb is 1-40 and the sum of Sn and Sb is 1-90 cationic %. The electrocatalyst is prepared by coating mixed solutions of the soluble salts on the substrate and baking, so as to convert the metal salts to metal oxides.

Abstract: Disclosed is an oxygen evolution electrode for formation of only oxygen without formation of chlorine at anode in the performance and the durability of the anode is so high that they are, even in strong acid, at the same level as that in neutral solution. The electrode is prepared by anodic deposition of multiple oxide consisting of Mn—Mo—Sn, Mo—W—Sn or Mn—Mo—W—Sn on an IrO2-coated titanium substrate. The multiple oxide are composed of Mn as the main component, 0.1-3 cationic % of Sn and 0.2-20 cationic % of Mo and/or W.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalyst for methanation reaction producing methane with high conversion by reaction of hydrogen with carbon dioxide, or a gas mixture of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, or a gas mixture containing these compounds as the main components. The catalyst is prepared by the steps of mixing (A) aqueous zirconia sol with salts of (B) stabilizing element(s), which is selected from the group consisting of Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Ca and Mg, and (C) iron group element(s), drying and calcining the mixture to obtain a catalyst precursor, and subsequent reduction of the precursor. The catalyst comprises, by atomic %, A: 18-70%, B: 1-20% and C: 25-80% based on the elemental states of the metals. The catalyst is characterized by multiple oxide of tetragonal zirconia structure, in which not only the stabilizing element(s) but also a part of the iron group element(s) is incorporated, and on which the iron group element(s) in the metallic state is supported.

Abstract: Disclosed is an anode for electrochemical reactions, such as electrolysis and electrodeposition, comprising a titanium substrate covered with metal oxide, in which the amount of platinum group element(s) is decreased in comparison with the ordinary anode of platinum group element oxides so as to decrease the cost and to mitigate the problem of natural resources, and further, durability of the anode is improved. The electrocatalyst of the anode is multiple oxide of platinum group element(s), and Sn and Sb. The cationic ratio of Sn to Sb is 1-40 and the sum of Sn and Sb is 1-90 cationic %. The electrocatalyst is prepared by coating mixed solutions of the soluble salts on the substrate and baking, so as to convert the metal salts to metal oxides.

Abstract: Disclosed is an oxygen evolution electrode for formation of only oxygen without formation of chlorine at anode in the performance and the durability of the anode is so high that they are, even in strong acid, at the same level as that in neutral solution. The electrode is prepared by anodic deposition of multiple oxide consisting of Mn—Mo—Sn, Mo—W—Sn or Mn—Mo—W—Sn on an IrO2-coated titanium substrate. The multiple oxide are composed of Mn as the main component, 0.1-3 cationic % of Sn and 0.2-20 cationic % of Mo and/or W.

Abstract: Disclosed is an oxygen evolution anode for evolving oxygen without chlorine evolution in electrolysis of aqueous solutions of sodium chloride having high performance and durability with decreased amount of the precious metal(s) in the intermediate layer to decrease manufacturing cost and to ease problem of the resources. The oxygen evolution anode comprises an electroconductive substrate, an intermediate layer and an electrocatalyst. The intermediate layer prepared by calcination consists of multiple oxide of the platinum group element(s), Sn and Sb, with the Sn/Sb ratio of 1-40 and with the sum of Sn and Sb of 90 cationic % or less. The electrocatalyst is prepared by anodic deposition and consists of 0.1-3 cationic % of Sn, 0.2-20 cationic % of Mo and/or W and the balance of Mn.

Abstract: An amorphous alloy which is resistant to hot corrosion in sulfidizing and oxidizing atmospheres at high temperatures, consisting of at least one element selected from the group of Al and Cr and at least one element selected from the refractory metals Mo, W, Nb, and Ta, a portion of the set forth refractory metals being allowed to be substituted with at least one element selected from Fe, Co, Ni and Cu. The addition of Si further improves the alloy's oxidation resistance.

Abstract: A corrosion-resistant amorphous alloy containing Ta in an amount of from 10 to 40 atomic % and Mo, Cr, W, P, B and/or Si is disclosed.This alloy can be prepared by rapidly cooling and solidifying molten alloy, shows a satisfactory corrosion resistance in high-temperature concentrated phosphoric acid, and is adapted to be used as a plant structural material or a separator for a fuel cell.

Abstract: An amorphous alloy which is resistant to hot corrosion in sulfidizing and oxidizing atmospheres at high temperatures, consisting of at least one element selected from the group of Al and Cr and at least one element selected from refractory metals of Mo. W, Nb and Ta, a portion of the set forth refractory metals being allowed to be substituted with at least one element selected from Ti, Zr, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu. The addition of Si further improves the alloy's oxidation resistance.

Abstract: Amorphous alloy comprising 30 to 75 atomic % Cr, the remainder being substantially at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ti and Zr and alloys represented by the general formula: X.sub.a Cr.sub.b M.sub.c wherein X is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ti and Zr; M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Al, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo and W; and a, b, and c are, in atomic percentage, a>20, 20 .ltoreq.b.ltoreq.75, 0<c .ltoreq.20 and a+b+c=100. The alloys are excellent in corrosion resistance and wear resistance, form a stable protective film and are spontaneously passive, even in corrosive environment such as a poorly oxidizing, highly corrosive HCl solution containing chlorine ions.

Abstract: An amorphous alloy which is resistant to hot corrosion in sulfidizing and oxidizing atmospheres at high temperatures, consisting of at least one element selected from the group of Al and Cr and at least one element selected from refractory metals of Mo. W, Nb and Ta, a portion of the set forth refractory metals being allowed to be substituted with at least one element selected from Ti, Zr, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu. The addition of Si further improves the alloy oxidation resistance.

Abstract: An amorphous alloy which is resistant to hot corrosion in sulfidizing and oxidizing atmospheres at high temperatures, consisting of Cr and at least one element selected from refractory metals of Nb and Ta, a portion of the set forth refractory metals being allowed to be substituted with at least one element selected from Ti, Zr, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu. The addition of Si further improves the alloy's oxidation resistance.

Abstract: This invention relates to a catalyst for cleaning exhaust gas, which is prepared by dipping in hydrofluoric acid an amorphous alloy composed of 20 to 80 atom % of one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Nb, Ta, Ti and Zr (the sum of Nb and Ta being up to 70 atom %), 0.5 to 20 atom % of one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ru, Pd, Rh, Pt and Ir, and the balance of one or two of Ni and Co. This catalyst can clean at a low temperature an exhaust gas containing NO or CO discharged from apparatuses or engines wherein various organic substances are burnt.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for the decomposition of chlorofluorocarbons to hydrofluoric acid, hydrochloric acid and carbon dioxide by the chlorofluorocarbons' reaction with water at a temperature of 200 .degree. C. or higher and in the presence of a catalyst material consisting of a metal selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Nb and an alloy consisting of at least two elements selected from the same group. The catalyst material may also be composed of an alloy consisting of up to 80 atomic % of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ni and Co and the substantial balance of being at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr and Nb. The metallic catalyst materials of the present invention have a very high catalytic activity for the decomposition of flons at relatively low temperatures and can retain their high activity during the decomposition process, even if they are converted into fluorides.

Abstract: Highly active amorphous alloy catalysts for use in decomposing of flons into hydrofluoric acid, hydrochloric acid and carbon dioxide by the reaction of flons with water, consist of at least one element selected from the group of Ni and Co, at least one element selected from the group of Nb, Ta, Ti and Zr, which are effective for the formation of the amorphous structure by coexisting with at least one element selected from the group of Ni and Co, and at least one element selected from the group of Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir and Pt, which are necessary for the high catalytic activity. The alloys are activated by immersion into hydrofluoric acids.

Abstract: An amorphous aluminum-valve metal alloy with special characteristics such as high corrosion resistance, high wear resistance and considerable toughness, consisting of Al and at least one element selected from valve metals of Ti and Zr, a portion of the set forth refractory metals being allowed to be substituted with at least one element selected from Mo, W, Ta and Nb.

Abstract: An amorphous aluminum-valve metal alloy with special characteristics such as high corrosion resistance, high wear resistance and coinsiderable toughness, consisting of Al and at least one element selected from valve metals of Ti and Zr, a portion of the set forth refractory metals being allowed to be substituted with at least one element selected from Mo, W, Ta and Nb.

Abstract: An amorphous aluminum-refractory metal alloy with special characteristics such as high corrosion resistance, high wear resistance and considerable toughness, consisting of Al and at least one element selected from refractory metals of Ta, Nb, Mo and W, a portion of the set forth refractory metals being allowed to be substituted with at least one element selected from Ti and Zr.

Abstract: An amorphous aluminum-refractory metal alloy with special characteristics such as high corrosion resistance, high wear resistance and considerable toughness, consisting of Al and at least one element selected from refractory metals of Ta, Nb, Mo and W, a portion of the set forth refractory metals being allowed to be substituted with at least one element selected from Ti and Zr.