Abstract: A piston and connecting rod arrangement for internal combustion engines, including an upper piston part, a lower piston part and a connecting rod with a spherical connecting rod end. The spherical connecting rod end defines an upper spherical segment and a lower spherical segment, and a recess having a snoutlike cross section. The spherical connecting rod end is slidingly supported with the upper spherical segment in the spherical segmental indentation, and the recess is situated between the upper spherical segment and the lower spherical segment.

Abstract: In order to improve a bush-like antifriction bearing element for mounting a shaft, a pivot or other revolving component so that penetration of dirt into the bearing as well as out of the bearing, the antifriction bearing element is made pot-shaped so that the end of the antifriction bearing element remote from the end for insertion of the shaft, the pivot or the like, is defined by a bottom portion.

Abstract: In a light alloy piston for internal combustion engines the mounting for the piston pin is designed for heavy loads. The piston comprises piston pin bosses which are integrated in the skirt of the piston and provided with an inelastic block support. In order to reduce the weight those end faces of the piston pin bosses which face the small end of the connecting rod are outwardly setback below those segments of the top apex portions of the bosses which include an angle of less than 180 degrees.

Abstract: In a piston for internal combustion engines the piston head is formed with a combustion chamber recess and is provided with a heat-insulating layer of ceramic material. To minimize the heat to be dissipated to the coolant, one part of the heat-insulating layer consists of a solid ceramic insert and the other part consists of a ceramic coating.

Abstract: In a piston and connecting rod assembly for reciprocating piston machines the bending load applied to the piston pin bosses owing to the deformation of the piston pin to an oval shape should be prevented and the weight should be reduced. This is accomplished in that the piston pin is I-shaped in cross-section with wide flanges, the outer surfaces of which are shaped in accordance with an arc of a circle.

Abstract: In a piston for internal combustion engines, a cover layer comprising a material having a relatively low thermal conductivity has been applied to the piston head by plasma or flame spraying. To increase the life of the cover layer until it separates from the body of the piston, the surface of the cover layer has a peak-to-valley height of 5 to 30 .mu.m.

Abstract: A synchronizing ring is composed of a composite material comprising a metallic layer consisting of aluminum alloy and having a thickness of 0.1 to 1.0 mm forming a friction cone and a steel backing layer having a thickness of 0.5 to 3.5 mm and cladded to the metallic layer. The invention also includes a process of manufacturing a synchronizing ring by metal forming.

Abstract: In a light alloy piston having a convex and oval external shape, the piston skirt has in the cold state a larger running clearance at its top end than at its bottom end. In order to reduce the friction loss of such piston, the piston skirt has a larger ovalness adjacent to the horizontal plane extending through the pin axis than in the remaining regions of the piston skirt.

Abstract: A sheet material for sliding surface bearings comprises an expanded metal mesh which consists of a wrought aluminum alloy and is coated with a mixture of polytetrafluoroethylene, filler and glass fibers. The bond strength is increased by coating the surface of the expanded metal mesh with a primer layer.