Abstract: A rotary pilot valve in which a force required to operate the pilot valve is reduced and especially the pilot valve can be operated with a very small operating force as in a fingertip type, and the number of parts forming the pilot valve is reduced. In a body, a tank port, a pair of pump ports, a first output port, and a second output port are formed. In a cylindrical valve, a pair of notch grooves is formed and connected with each other by a balance hole. Variable throttles are formed on a side of the tank port and a side of the pump port of the notch groove. An open area of one of the variable throttles gradually increases while an open area of the other gradually reduces by tilting of an operating lever. Pressure oil lead into the notch groove through the variable throttle is output from the first output port as an intermediate throttle pressure.

Abstract: The present invention is an elastic flat tread which can prevent an elastic solid from cracking even if the vehicle runs on a protruding object during traveling. For this purpose, the elastic flat tread is provided with any core (1, 11, 115) of a core (1, 11) attached to a link (6) and a core (115) attached to a metal plate (9A) which is attached to a link (8), and end portions (1a, 1b; 11a, 11h; 115a, 115b) in a longitudinal direction of the aforesaid any core (1, 11, 115) are bent toward the side not in contact with the around.

Abstract: A bush is provided at its sliding surface with oil-supply groove portions. An area ratio of the oil-supply groove portions to the sliding surface of the journal shaft is set to 30 to 90%. A length L1 between the oil-supply groove portions in a circumferential direction and an inner diameter D of the bearing satisfy L1<?D/36. Even in a bearing device in which the journal shaft and the bush mutually rotate in a predetermined angle range or in which the journal shaft and the bush relatively and continuously rotate, the present invention can effectively be used while maintaining the existing sizes of the journal shaft and the bush, and it is possible to prevent partial break of oil film or shortage of oil film.

Abstract: The present invention is an elastic flat tread which can prevent an elastic solid from cracking even if the vehicle runs on a protruding object during traveling. For this purpose, the elastic flat tread is provided with any core (1, 11, 115) of a core (1, 11) attached to a link (6) and a core (115) attached to a metal plate (9A) which is attached to a link (8), and end portions (1a, 1b; 11a, 11h; 115a, 115b) in a longitudinal direction of the aforesaid any core (1, 11, 115) are bent toward the side not in contact with the ground.

Abstract: A blade preferably adopted to work machines for digging, carrying of soil and leveling, which achieves an increase in a quantity of soil per tractional force with a simple structure to reduce consumption horsepower and increase fuel consumption efficiency thereby leading to low cost, has a central front face section (12) having a linear first cutting edge (15) at a bottom end thereof, a jointed front face section (13) having a second cutting edge (16) which continues from the first cutting edge (15) and extends backward at a predetermined angle, and an end front face section (14) having a third cutting edge (17) which continues from the second cutting edge (16) and extended forward at a predetermined angle.

Abstract: In a crawler belt comprising pairs of opposite links connected endlessly via pins press-fitted into the links, fixing surfaces of pins or links are successively pressed and deformed from the fixing surfaces in an axial direction along the circumferences inside or outside of openings of pin-press-fitting holes by means of local pressing in the axial direction, whereby the end portions of the pins or part of the circumferences of the openings in the links are expanded or narrowed in diameter. The expanded or narrowed portions are fixedly engaged with the opposing engaging spaces. The surface hardness of the expanded or narrowed portions is set to be lower than that of the other portions. With such structure and method, the links and pins can be easily and firmly connected with sufficient holding force in the axial direction, securing accurate, quick and easy fixing of pins and assembling of pins and links.

Abstract: The invention provides a crawler type traveling apparatus which can be stably used for a long time period, and furthermore provides a crawler belt sprocket and a segment thereof which is best suited for the crawler type traveling apparatus. A crawler type traveling apparatus is provided with a crawler belt (3) and a crawler belt sprocket (2). The crawler belt (3) is structured such that a plurality of links (4) are connected via a bearing structure body (5) having a pin (7) a bush (8) which is outward fitted to the pin (7), and seal member (10, 10) which are arranged in both end sides of the bush (8). Guide portions (G, G) making an intrusion into a portion between the relatively facing links (4, 4) are protruded from both side surfaces of the sprocket (2). The sprocket (2) is connected via the bearing structure body (5), and a gear tooth portion (26) thereof makes an intrusion into the portion between the relatively facing links (4, 4) so as to be engaged with the bush (8).

Abstract: A dot mark forming method for obtaining a dot mark includes a liquid crystal mask in which the maximum length of each pixel is 50 to 2,000 &mgr;m and is irradiated with a homogenized laser beam. The energy density of a split laser beam passed through the liquid crystal mask is set to 1.0 to 15.0 J/cm2 and is condensed after the mask by a lens unit so that the maximum length of each dot becomes 1 to 15 &mgr;m. A single dot mask is formed on each laser irradiated point. The dot mark has a protrusion in the center which protrudes upward from the surface of the article to be marked. The length along the surface of the article is 1 to 15 &mgr;m and the height of the protrusion is 0.01 to 5 &mgr;m.

Abstract: Illumination light of an illumination device irradiates a part of a peripheral surface of a semiconductor wafer from a side of the semiconductor wafer. Then, a shape of a side surface of a rim of the wafer that is an area to be processed is picked up by a image-pickup device disposed in an irradiation direction so as to be opposed to the illumination device interposing the wafer. A difference of the shape of a contour of the wafer rim can be recognized visually/automatically, promptly and accurately, and a minute and local planar area to be processed on the wafer rim can be determined accurately.

Abstract: The invention provides a supporting mechanism of a slide door in which a lower end rail portion being most easily dirty in a slide door opening and closing portion is hardly get dirty and an operation can be smoothly and without being shaky performed even when a great load is locally applied to the slide door at a time of moving the slide door. The supporting mechanism of the slide door has upper and lower rails extending along edge portions of upper and lower ends of the entrance/exit and guide rollers respectively provided at least in upper and lower end portions of a front edge of the slide door. The lower rail is constituted by one narrow plate rail having a lower end edge being a free end, the lower guide rollers include a set of two or more rolling rollers, and the set of two or more rolling rollers hold and support the lower rail therebetween from below so as to freely roll.

Abstract: The present invention is an elastic flat tread which can prevent an elastic solid from cracking even if the vehicle runs on a protruding object during traveling. For this purpose, the elastic flat tread is provided with any core (1, 11, 115) of a core (1, 11) attached to a link (6) and a core (115) attached to a metal plate (9A) which is attached to a link (8), and end portions (1a, 1b; 11a, 11h; 115a, 115b) in a longitudinal direction of the aforesaid any core (1, 11, 115) are bent toward the side not in contact with the ground.

Abstract: The present invention is an elastic flat tread which can prevent an elastic solid from cracking even if the vehicle runs on a protruding object during traveling. For this purpose, the elastic flat tread is provided with any core (1, 11, 115) of a core (1, 11) attached to a link (6) and a core (115) attached to a metal plate (9A) which is attached to a link (8), and end portions (1a, 1b; 11a, 11h; 115a, 115b) in a longitudinal direction of the aforesaid any core (1, 11, 115) are bent toward the side not in contact with the around.

Abstract: A hoisting hook is arranged on a stick boom top pin for attaching a bucket to a distal end of a stick boom and hung at a bucket scooping face side. A bucket fall prevention valve is provided at least on a head side of a bucket cylinder for maintaining the cylinder inner pressure in order to prevent the bucket from free fall. A crane work by the hoisting hook is performed with the bucket dumped to the stick boom back side to the maximum extent. During the crane work, even if the hydraulic oil hose connected to the bottom side of the oil chamber of the hold pressure generation side of the bucket cylinder is broken by an external force, the bucket fall prevention valve acts instantaneously, cuts off the head side oil chamber from the exterior oil passage completely, and maintains the hold pressure of the head side oil chamber, so that the bucket is prevented from rotating suddenly downward.

Abstract: A speed control apparatus and method of a working vehicle which can reduce a working speed and a traveling speed of the vehicle to a desired speed range in correspondence to a change of working conditions at a time of a vehicle crane operation. A controller sets an optional hydraulic pump absorbing curve when an operator selects the crane operation mode. When the speed is adjusted by the operator, a pump tilt and rotation angle is automatically controlled to a pump absorbing torque in correspondence to the crane working speed along the optional pump absorbing torque curve.

Abstract: Various work machines in which safety of operation and operation efficiency can be enhanced in accordance with variation in the kind of operation and operation condition when operation is carried out based on a previously set operation mode of an operation machine, and operation speed of the operation machine or running speed of the work machine can finely be adjusted is provided. The work machine comprises mode switching means having a mode switching switch and the like of operation modes of one or more operation machines. A speed finely-adjusting switch is disposed for finely adjusting an operation speed and/or a running speed to values out of range set in each mode by manual operation. An engine, a pump, a flow rate adjusting valve disposed in a driving circuit of one or more operation machine and running motor and the like are operated by a signal output by operating the speed finely-adjusting switch, and the engine revolution number and the pump discharge amount are adjusted.

Abstract: A nano-tube of multi-element system oxide having novel characteristics and expected to gain application to a variety of devices includes a multi-element system oxide containing at least one of Bi, Y, La and Sc as a component thereof and having a tube diameter of less than 1×10−6 m.

Abstract: The invention provides a pressure reducing valve in which a minimum pressure can be secured even when an engine speed is reduced. A pressure reducing valve changing an output pressure in correspondence to an engine speed has means for outputting a predetermined minimum pressure when the engine speed is equal to or less than a first predetermined rotational speed.

Abstract: A fine protruded dot-like mark is formed on part of a semiconductor wafer surface. A growth layer is grown by epitaxial treatment on an entire surface of a semiconductor wafer including the dot mark so as to form a dot mark. During this growth process, the dot-like mark is changed into a polygon pyramid shape including a clear ridge line indicating the same azimuth of the crystal axis as that of the wafer. This ridge line is optically read out so that the azimuth of the crystal axis of the wafer can be specified. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a semiconductor wafer including a dot mark having a peculiar shape excellent in optical visibility and indicating the azimuth of the crystal axis and to provide a method of forming the dot mark.

Abstract: A dot mark having at its center a peaked portion rising from a face to be marked is provided on a cut face or ground face of a semiconductor wafer with the face to be marked having surface roughness of 0.3 &mgr;m or less. The rising dot mark is 1 to 15 &mgr;m in maximum length along the face to be marked and 0.01 to 5 &mgr;m in height. With even such a fine size, the dot mark is superior in visibility. This makes it possible to provide a semiconductor base material in which all processing histories in a process for manufacturing a semiconductor wafer and a semiconductor, wafer ID, chip ID, and manufacturing number or the like can be recognized.

Abstract: A fitting space having an annular opening, in which an elastic ring whose diameter of a section is D is to be fitted, is formed between a pin-press-fit hole of a link and an exposed end portion of a pin. A link inner wall face and a pin outer peripheral face in the fitting space are formed with tapered faces whose diameters decrease as they go toward an inmost of the fitting space at angles &agr; and &bgr; (&agr;>&bgr;) with respect to the axial line of the pin, respectively. The elastic ring contacts with the respective tapered faces in the fitting space at the angles &agr; and &bgr; with respect to a perpendicular passing a center of its section. Dimensions d1 and d2 between contact points at the respective tapered faces and a horizontal line passing the center of the section of the elastic ring, the diameter D of the section of the elastic ring, and the angles &agr; and &bgr; have a relation of &agr;>&bgr;, D>d1+d2 (where d1=D/2·cos &agr;, d2=D/2·cos &bgr;).