Abstract: System for mobile communication, comprising a mobile station (1) and a communication domain (A) comprising at least one base station, which communication domain (A) overlaps another communication domain (B) at least partially, a mobile station (1) being functionally divisible into a plurality of virtual stations (1A, 1B) and each virtual station being assigned to a communication domain. Preferably, the mobile stations are designed for a plurality of users (u1, u2, u3). The system may be arranged for assigning to a mobile station a plurality of virtual stations which each support one or more user-service-pairs.

Abstract: If, in a mobile telecommunication system comprising at least one mobile terminal, at least one base station and at least one processor device for processing signalling messages, such as an exchange, the signalling messages to be transmitted from the mobile terminal are provided with a first destination code if they are destined for the exchange and with a second destination code if they are destined for the base station, the signalling messages provided with the first destination code are able to pass through the base station transparently without extensive analyses being necessary in the base station.

Abstract: A method for sorting items of mail according to the sequence of delivery points in delivery runs. The sorting process takes place in a number of successive sorting operations, sorting runs. Sorting takes place according to sequence number of the delivery points within the delivery runs during the last sorting run but one, and according to delivery run during the last sorting run. During said last sorting run, a suitable number of sections of a sorting apparatus have been reserved for each delivery run, and each delivery run is subdivided into as many segments, e.g. four. The items of mail for the first segment of a delivery run, in the example for the first quarter of the sequence numbers, are deposited in the first of the sections reserved for said delivery run, those for the second segment in the second section, and so forth. Upon completion, the items of mail for a delivery run are collected by placing the delivery segments in succession.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing branching-off or intersecting channel-shaped waveguides on or in a substrate, which substrate encloses a light-guiding layer, and on which substrate there is applied an auxiliary-mask layer having a thickness t, the method comprising steps of:applying a first mask pattern of a first mask material in a first mask position on the auxiliary-mask layer, the first mask pattern including a subpattern for defining a first channel-shaped waveguide;etching portions of the auxiliary-mask layer not covered by the first mask pattern using first etchants, the auxiliary-mask material being etched over a first etching depth d which is less than the thickness t;removing the first mask material of the first mask pattern;applying a second mask pattern of a second mask material in a second mask position which overlaps the position of the auxiliary-mask pattern at least in part, the second mask pattern including a subpattern for defining a second channel-shaped waveguide which makes an acute angle with

Abstract: Optical network for signal transfer from a central station to subscriber stations. The signal to be distributed is split in at least two stages, with the signal being amplified by optical amplifiers. The Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFAs) to be used for this purpose are fed by an optical supply signal. By building up the supply signal from various signals with wavelengths lying closely together, Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS) is avoided. As a result, by utilising centrally supplied EDPAs more splitting stages may be applied, as a result of which many more subscribers may be reached from one signal source than before. The subscribers may utilize inexpensive, low-sensitivity receivers. The optical network is particularly suited to form, in conjunction with a conventional non-optical (twisted-pair) network, a hybrid bi-directional transmission system.

Abstract: A method for recording usage data of a card-operated device, such as a public telephone set or a vending machine. In particular, usage data, such as totalized charges, is stored in a storage unit associated with the device. At the onset of a transaction, e.g., a telephone call, an initial balance, representing a existing pre-paid credit, is read from memory in the card and transferred to the device. Based upon usage of the device, during the course of the transaction and/or at its completion, the device instructs the card, at least once, to reduce its balance by, e.g., a fixed amount to yield a current balance, which is, in turn, then stored back into the card. The card then sends the current balance back to the device. Device usage for this transaction is subsequently determined, within the device, as a difference between the initial and current balances, and is added to (totalized) usage data stored therein. The security of the data transfers may be cryptographically enhanced.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for protectedly debiting an electronic payment mechanism, such as a telephone card. In the communication protocol between the payment mechanism and payment station, an authentication is used to identify the payment mechanism during various steps of the protocol. According to the invention, the authentications are mutually related by states of a cryptographic process in order to be capable of detecting an interference in the protocol. The method may be applied to existing payment cards having a dynamic memory, it being guaranteed that the contents of the dynamic memory, in which there is located information related to the authentication, is not lost during the protocol.

Abstract: In an optical packet-switched network provided with one or more nodes (1), a transmitter (6, 17) transmits polarized packet signals (P) over optical connections (4, 5). A polarized packet signal comprises an address signal (A.sub.1) and a data signal (I.sub.0), which are generated by the transmitter with different, preferably mutually orthogonal, polarization states (;, .cndot.). In a node (1), the address signal (A.sub.1) from a packet signal (or from a power portion (P1) thereof), is separated from the data signal (I.sub.0), in a polarization beam splitter (9). From the separated address signals, a control unit (11) derives control signals by means of which an optical switch (7) is switched for further routing of the packet signals (or of the remaining power sections (P.sub.2) thereof). In a second embodiment, polarized packet signals are switched through after they have been provided with an altered address signal in a polarization beam combiner.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a method of installing cables (2) in cable ducts (6a, 6b, 6c) using installation devices (1) propelling the cables (2) into the ducts (6a, 6b, 6c). In accordance with the invention, the installation devices (1) are powered by means of pressurized fluid (f), such as air, transported through the ducts (6a, 6b, 6c). This results in a smaller number of compressors (4) and operators being necessary. The duct in which a cable is installed and/or parallel ducts may be used for transporting the pressurized fluid (f). The feed direction of the cable () may coincide with, or be opposed to, the transport direction of the fluid (.fwdarw.). The invention further provides an installation device (1) for use in the method.

Abstract: The method for setting up a communication connection in a universal personal telecommunication (UPT) system between a first party and a second party who can be called, often by a wire-free system, offers the possibility of setting up the communication connection without an internal network telephone number having to be transmitted concomitantly in a call signal by storing, in a memory, a relationship between the two parties and at least a section of a link situated between the first party and an exchange and by first reading out the memory in response to a code signal originating from the second party which is detected via a terminal and then to carrying out routing on the basis of the relationship read out.

Abstract: A low-loss optical 1.times.2 branching element comprises a symmetrical Y junction (4) with identical branches (4.1, 4.2) and an asymmetric Y junction (5) with different branches (5.1, 5.2). The Y junctions are coupled by means of a common trunk (6) in which two modes that are of unequal mode order can propagate. Located centrally in and/or near the trunk are optically non-linear partial areas (7, 7a, 7b). The non-linear partial areas (7 and/or 7a, 7b) and the asymmetric Y junction (5) are dimensioned so that, for a given signal power, in one signal direction (arrow D) the branching element acts as a 3 dB splitter, whereas in the other signal direction (arrow U) the loss is <<3 dB.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (1) for processing data packets, comprising identification means (14) for identifying a data packet, processing means (11, 12) for cryptographically processing the data packet, and memory means (13) for storing information relating to the processing, in which device the processing means comprise at least a first (11) and a second (12) processing unit. Control means (14) are provided to assign, on the basis of the identification of a data packet, said data packet to one of the processing units and to process said data packet with the aid of information related to said data packet. Preferably, at least one processing unit (11; 12) is designed to encrypt or decrypt data packets, and the information relating to the processing comprises a key and a status of a processing procedure.

Abstract: The methods and devices according to the invention supplement messages, which are to be exchanged between systems based on different protocol versions and which are provided with an information element of a second type, with an information element of a first type, and vice versa. As a result, greater design freedom in the development of subsequent compatible protocol versions, as well as subsequent non-compatible protocol versions, is obtained. Further, systems based on non-compatible protocol versions can even communicate directly with any type of receiving system. Furthermore, in this arrangement the drawback of needing to know, in advance, the protocol version on which the receiving system is based, does not apply.

Abstract: Known systems use two probability signals for coding an input signal into an output signal and for decoding said output signal into the input signal. In a first memory field two probability signals are stored, and in a second memory field two other probability signals are stored, and in response to a further received symbol processor means adapt the probability signals. Such a system needs a giant memory capacity, which can be reduced by combining probability signals into a first combination signal to be stored in the first memory field and by combining further probability signals into a second combination signal to be stored in the second memory field, and by converting a third combination signal into at least one probability signal just before (de)coding takes place.

Abstract: A method of securely transferring data, such as program data, to a smart card (1) is disclosed. In order to be applicable in non-secure environments, the method of the invention involves a one-way authentication mechanism, comprising the use of a series of interrelated authentication values (R0, R1, R2, . . . ). Further security is achieved by using commands (INIT, TRAN) which are each provided with an authentication code (MAC0, MAC1, . . . ). In order to transfer data only to selected cards, the card may accept transfer commands only if a card profile (CP) matches a distribution profile (DP).

Abstract: Known tags which are capable of receiving and demodulating signals by way of one and the same antenna and by way of one and the same diode, as well as being capable of modulating and transmitting signals, often have a poor efficiency, particularly if the antenna is implemented in the form of a flat plate. By coupling a high-ohm first terminal of the antenna to the diode, and coupling a low-ohm second terminal to earth by way of an inductive element, there is obtained a tag which has a good efficiency, both regarding the reception and demodulation of signals and regarding the modulation and transmission of signals.

Abstract: Method for replacing a first cable (1) by a second cable (2) between a first predetermined point (1a) and a second predetermined point (1b), comprising:a. the provision of first series impedance means (S1) close to the first end (2a) and second series impedance means (S2) close to the second end (2b) of the second cable (2), which first (S1) and second (S2) series impedance means can be switched between a state of high impedance value and a state of low impedance value;b. electrically connecting the second cable to the first cable (1) at the first (1a) and second (1b) points, during which operation both the first (S1) and the second (S2) series impedance means are kept in their state of high impedance value;c.

Abstract: Installation and method for freezing audiovisual data streams, which installation comprises a video freeze control (2) which in equipped to receive a freeze command signal (FR) to be generated by a user and to detect a predetermined marker in a videosignal read from a memory (1), and, after receipt of the freeze command signal and detection of the marker, to supply a video control signal (VSC) for a video switch (4) and a video stop signal (VS) to interrupt reading of the video signal (VID), which video switch comprises a first input, to which the video signal (VID) read out is fed, and a second input, which is connected to a video stuffing generator which generates a video stuffing signal (VIDSTUFF), wherein the video switch (4) connects its output to the second input if this receives the video control signal (VSC) and otherwise connects its output to the first input; at the point in time when reading of the video signal is interrupted, reading of an associated audio signal (AUD), if applicable, is also inte

Abstract: Known telecommunication systems utilize of a telecommunication exchange with a switching matrix coupled to a storage device for storing a message. A calling subscriber dialing a certain telephone number will hear this message, whereafter he may be put through. An advertising subscriber dialing a different telephone number, gains access to the storage device, in order to enable him to modify his message. The sometimes poor access option to said storage device may be considerably enhanced by extending the telecommunication system by a further storage device which provides a better access option and in which the new message is provisionally stored. The new message is then fed, at a convenient moment for the telecommunication system, to the storage device. Apart from this, an advertising subscriber, due to application of a table memory in the further storage device, needs to pass through a modification procedure only once, even if the message should be modified in several storage devices.

Abstract: A transmission method for ATM cells presented by local stations to a central station, and for ATM cells presented by the central station to the local stations, wherein a cell destined for the central station is stored in a cell buffer of one of the local stations and a first character is written to a register of the local station when the cell destined for the central station is presented in the local station. A second character is written to the register of the local station when an empty time slot is present in the local station. The register of each of the local stations are periodically read, and contents of the read local registers of the local stations are transmitted to the central station as register codes. Permit codes are transmitted from the central station to the local stations based on a location of the first characters in the registers, with the permit codes signifying permission to transmit a cell during a specific time slot.