Abstract: A proton conducting polymer having a repeating unit given by formula (1) below is provided. A proton conducting polymer membrane manufactured using the proton conducting polymer can be more easily manufactured than a conventional fluorine-based membrane and can be commercialized as an automobile fuel cell due to its low cost of production. Also, the proton conducting polymer membrane has high moisture content and does not cause the water flooding at high current density, thereby improving the efficiency of a cell. In addition, the proton conducting polymer membrane enables a fuel cell to stably operate at temperatures of 100° C. or higher, thereby preventing the poisoning of a catalyst and extending the lifetime of the fuel cell.

Abstract: Provided are a seed-specific expression promoter derived from sesame microsomal oleic acid desaturase (Si-FAD2) gene, an intron for expression enhancement, a seed-specific expression vector including the promoter and/or the intron, and a transgenic plant transformed with the seed-specific expression vector. Therefore, a useful product can be produced in a seed-specific manner or a common product in a seed can be functionally modified. Also, the promoter can be used together with the intron for expression enhancement, thereby increasing the expression level of an inserted gene in a seed. Therefore, it is very useful in development of a transgenic plant which induces large-scale expression of a foreign gene in a seed-specific manner.

Abstract: Provided is a magnetoresistance device. The device includes a substrate, a lower layer formed on the substrate, and a magnetoresistance structure formed on the lower layer, and the lower layer is formed of amorphous ZrxAl1-x (0<x<1) or ZrxAl1-xOy (0<x<1, 0<y<1). In a tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) device, a tunneling barrier layer is formed of at least one selected from the group consisting of ZrxAl1-xOy (0<x<1, 0<y<1), TixAl1-xOy (0<x<1, 0<y<1), and NbxAl1-xOy (0<x<1, 0<y<1).

Abstract: Provided is a magnetoresistance device. The device includes a substrate, a lower layer formed on the substrate, and a magnetoresistance structure formed on the lower layer, and the lower layer is formed of amorphous ZrxAl1-x (0<x<1) or ZrxAl1-xOy (0<x<1, 0<y<1). In a tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) device, a tunneling barrier layer is formed of at least one selected from the group consisting of ZrxAl1-xOy (0<x<1, 0<y<1), TixAl1-xOy (0<x<1, 0<y<1), and NbxAl1-xOy (0<x<1, 0<y<1).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for extracting three-dimensional data of an object using an electron microscope are provided.

Abstract: This invention is concerned with the clinical investigation of the therapeutic effects of garlic extracts containing allicin, diallyl disulfide, and diallyl trisulfide. The intake of garlic or therapeutically active substances such as allicin from garlic, induces immunostimulation and these active substances possess strong antitumor effects including the apoptosis of tumors, including the programmed cell death of human prostatic and bladder tumor cells. This invention claims that garlic and/or garlic extracts possess very effective therapeutic substances useful not only to treat human prostate and bladder cancers to extend life span of patients, but also to suppress or prevent bladder and prostate gland cancers.