Abstract: To efficiently analyze interaction and function between proteins, the present invention relates to a method for forming a light-induced protein nanocluster, comprising: an expression vector preparation step of preparing a first expression vector including polynucleotides coding a first fusion protein including a light-induced heterodimer-forming protein and a first self-assembly protein, and a second expression vector including polynucleotides coding a couple protein that forms a homodimer with said light-induced heterodimer-forming protein, or a second fusion protein including said couple protein and a second self-assembly protein; a transformed cell, tissue or individual preparation step of transforming cells, tissues or individuals using said first expression vector and second expression vector; and a light radiation step of radiating light having a wavelength for inducing the formation of heterodimer between said light-induced heterodimer-forming protein and said couple protein, to said transformed cells,

Abstract: An apparatus and method for compensating for the frequency offset of a received signal in a receiving apparatus of a mobile communication system. In the present invention, a sine component is calculated by adding I and Q channel signals resulting from downconverting a training sequence inserted between data symbols, and a cosine component is calculated by subtracting the Q channel signal from the I channel signal. Using the cosine and sine components at two time points, tangent components for the two time points are computed and thus first and second phase values are obtained. The frequency offset is estimated by determining the slope of a second-order line derived from the first and second phase values. The frequency offset of the received signal is compensated for based on the estimated frequency offset.