Abstract: A process and an arrangement for the production of molten pig iron or steel pre-products from particulate ferrous material as well as for the production of reducing gas in a meltdown gasifier. A fluidized bed of coke particles is formed by the addition of coal and the injection of oxygen-containing gas. In order to ensure a satisfactory mode of operation of the meltdown gasifier even if coal of inferior quality with a high moisture content and a high portion of volatile matter is used, additional heat is supplied to the meltdown gasifier above the feed lines for the fluidized-bed-forming oxygen-containing gas by burning and/or degassing coal particles separated from the reducing gas.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the production of molten pig iron or of steel pre-products from particulate ferrous material as well as for the production of reduction gas in a meltdown gasifier. A fluidized-bed zone is formed by coke particles upon the addition of coal and by blowing in oxygen-containing gas by nozzle pipes penetrating the wall of the meltdown gasifier. The ferrous material to be reduced is introduced into the fluidized bed. In order to be able to produce molten pig iron and liquid steel pre-products in a direct reduction process with a lower sulfur content than has hitherto been the case, without having to make any particular demands on the sulfur content of the coal used, the ferrous material to be reduced is supplied closely above the blow-in gas nozzle plane producing the fluidized bed.

Abstract: In a method of producing molten pig iron or steel pre-products from particulate ferrous material, as well as of producing reduction gas in a melt-down gasifier by adding coal and by blowing in oxygen-containing gas by means of nozzle pipes penetrating the wall of the melt-down gasifier, a fixed bed formed of coke particles, through which the oxygen-containing gas flows and a superposed fluidized bed of coke particles are formed, and the ferrous material is charged onto the fluidized bed. Below the fixed bed through which oxygen-containing gas flows, a fixed bed of coke particles not passed through by gas is provided, and the fluidized bed above the fixed bed passed through by oxygen-containing gas is passed through by a gas free from oxygen or having a low oxygen content.

Abstract: A process and a plant for the direct reduction of iron oxide particles in a shaft furnace and for smelting the obtained iron sponge particles in a meltdown gasifier. A coal fluidized bed is formed in the meltdown gasifier by supplying coal and oxygen-containing gas, in which the heat necessary to smelt the iron sponge particles as well as the reducing gas to be injected into the shaft furnace are produced. The top gas remaining after the reduction is drawn off the upper part of the shaft furnace and the dusty solid particles, which are discharged together with the reducing gas and/or with the top gas, are washed out by scrubbers. The suspension of the washed out solid particles is thickened and separated into a clear overflow and a concentrated coal slurry. The coal slurry is recycled into the meltdown gasifier, is pressure-gasified with oxygen and is burnt by burners arranged in the upper part of the meltdown gasifier and directed towards the coal fluidized bed.

Abstract: In a device for continuous casting that uses a casting wheel (5) molten material is fed into a recess that runs around the outer periphery of the casting wheel in tangential direction, the recess being open to the outside. During the rotational movement of the casting wheel the material hardens partially in the recess, with the formation of a solid skin. At least in the section up to the formation of the solid skin the recess is closed off by an endless steel strip (6) that passes over guide rollers (7,8,9), the strip (6) being pressed against the casting wheel. The application force for the steel strip is exerted by a chain (11) that is arranged--viewed from the casting wheel--in the pressure area behind the steel strip. This chain is subjected to a corresponding tensile force. To this end, one (10) of the guide rollers (8,9,10) for the chain is installed so as to be movable and subjected to a force that generates the tensile force in the chain.

Abstract: A process for the production of pig iron from iron ore is disclosed. The pig iron is firstly converted to sponge iron in a direct reduction shaft furnace (1) and then the sponge iron is converted to pig iron in a melt-down gasifier (2). The shaft furnace and melt-down gasifier are interconnected by means of downcomers (6). Apart from the sponge iron, the melt-down gasifier is supplied with a carbon carrier in the form of coke and oxygen-containing gas. The gas produced in the melt-down gasifier is supplied to the shaft furnace (1) in the form of reduction gas via downcomers (6), pipe (8), cyclone separator (12) and pipe (4). By means of pipes (10 and 11), cooled, cleaned blast furnace gas from shaft furnace (1) is admixed as cooling gas with the gas produced in the melt-down gasifier. With the aid of a screen (15), the melt-down gasifier is supplied with the fine fraction via pipe (7) and the shaft furnace is supplied via pipe (16) with the coarse fraction of the coke required for the operation of the plant.

Abstract: In the case of an arrangement comprising a gasifier and a direct reduction shaft furnace positioned above it and which is connected to the gasifier by a connecting shaft, the direct introduction of the reduction gas obtained in the gasifier, even in the case of a high dust proportion, is made possible in that the sponge iron particles are discharged through several radially positioned screw conveyors and the reduction gas is fed to an annular zone formed above the screw conveyors.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method and a melt-down gasifier for producing molten pig iron or steel pre-products and reduction gas. A first fluidized-bed zone is formed by coke particles, with a heavy motion of the particles, above a first blow-in plane by the addition of coal and by blowing in oxygen-containing gas. Iron sponge particles and/or pre-reduced iron ore particles with a substantial portion of particle sizes of more than 3 mm are added to the first fluidized-bed zone from above. A melt-down gasifier for carrying out the method is formed by a refractorily lined vessel having openings for the addition of coal and ferrous material, openings for the emergence of the reduction gases produced, and openings for tapping the metal melt and the slag. Pipes or nozzles enter into the meltdown gasifier above the slag level at at least two different heights.

Abstract: In a process for the direct production of sponge iron particles and liquid crude iron from iron ore in lump form, which is reduced in a direct reduction unit and fed in a hot condition to a melting gasifier, the sponge iron particles which are discharged from the direct reduction unit are separated into a fine grain fraction and a coarse grain fraction, and only the fine grain fraction is fed to the melting gasifier. That ensures economy of operation, without an excess of gas.

Abstract: In a process for the direct production of sponge iron particles and liquid crude iron from iron ore in lump form, which is reduced in a direct reduction unit and fed in a hot condition to a melting gasifier, the sponge iron particles which are discharged from the direct reduction unit are separated into a fine grain fraction and a coarse grain fraction, and only the fine grain fraction is fed to the melting gasifier. That ensures economy of operation, without an excess of gas.

Abstract: A device is described for directly making liquid pig-iron from coarse iron ore. Hot sponge-iron particles are directly conveyed by a worm conveyor (17) through a communicating passage (19) from a direct-reduction blast-furnace shaft (2) into a smelter-gasifier (1), and a stream (24) of gas flows, after cooling to below 950.degree. C., in counter-current to the sponge-iron particles, from the smelter-gasifier (1) to the blast-furnace shaft (2), this gas stream having a volumetric flow-rate not more than 30 percent of the total reduction-gas flow reaching the blast-furnace shaft (FIG. 1).

Abstract: A process is described for the direct reduction of metallic oxides, primarily iron ore, to form sponge iron in a direct reduction plant by means of reduction gases containing hydrogen, at least part of the water vapor produced by the reduction process and contained in the exhaust gas being eliminated in the form of condensate. Further, there is described an apparatus for carrying out the process.