Abstract: This invention provides a heat exchanger for use with an abrasive fluid comprising an inlet plenum disposed within the heat exchanger for inletting an abrasive fluid into the heat exchanger, a tubesheet disposed within the heat exchanger and adjacent to the plenum, tubes disposed through the tubesheet and in flow communication with the plenum, a tube inlet guide configuration disposed between the tubesheet and the inlet plenum for guiding the abrasive fluid into the tubes, and a cooling means for cooling the tube inlet guide configuration. In a preferred form, the tube inlet guide configuration may be removable.

Abstract: A fluidized bed gasifier and a method for operating for the gasification of carbonaceous material comprising a vertically disposed elongated vessel comprising an upper section of a first diameter, a lower section of a second diameter and a transition section disposed therebetween wherein the first diameter is greater than the second diameter; a tubular manifold disposed generally horizontally and within the vessel; gas supply means penetrating said vessel and fluidly connected with said manifold and a plurality of tubes each having an inlet and an outlet, said inlet attached to, in fluid communication with, and distributed about the manifold and said outlets directed downwardly towards the interior of the vessel adjacent the transition section.

Abstract: High temperature gas turbine generation systems utilizing multiple heating stages between the primary compressor and expander, including coal based reactors and direct fired combustors.

Abstract: An elbow and process for fabrication for use in particulate material conveyancing comprising a curved outer pipe, a curved inner pipe having the same radius of curvature as the outer pipe, concentric with and internal to the outer pipe, comprising an outer layer comprised of a first material and an inner layer comprised of a second material wherein said first material is characterized by high erosion resistance when impinged by particulate material and wherein said second material is characterized by high tensile strength and flexibility, and an inner pipe supporting means for providing support to said inner pipe, disposed between said inner pipe and said outer pipe.